Basics
Name the three transcendentals
Truth, Beauty, and Goodness
What is a fallacy?
a fallacy is a flaw in your reasoning that makes it invalid or weak.
Remember to review the most common types of logical fallacies! You will be asked to identify 3 examples on the test.
Iamb
1 unstressed then 1 stressed syllable
"da DUM"
Remember Shakespeare's favorite meter was iambic pentameter
Define lyric poems and sonnets
Lyric poems are poems focused on personal feelings. Can be any structure.
Sonnets are poems composed of 14 lines, usually 3 quatrains plus a rhyming couplet at the end in English literature.
Define verisimilitude
the appearance of being real; likeness.
The rhetorical appeal using emotional appeals
Pathos
What is the difference between particular and universal law?
Particular laws are tied to a culture, a place, customs, etc. (Traffic laws for example)
Universal laws are rooted in morality and apply in all contexts, regardless of time and place.
2 unstressed syllables then 1 stressed syllable
"da da DUM"
Define Elegy and Ballad poems.
Elegies are poems of grief or lament. Sad!
Ballad poems are poems that were intended to be sung.
Define and give an example:
- Alliteration
- Assonance
- Alliteration is when you repeat the same beginning sound of a word many times in a line or sentence.
- Assonance is when words contain the same repeating vowel sounds inside the word in a line or sentence.
The rhetorical appeal using establishing your credibility
Ethos
Define Judicial Rhetoric. Give an example/where it can be found, and which transcendental it is related to.
Judicial rhetoric is forensic rhetoric intended to accuse or defend someone of a crime. It is found in the courtroom, focused on the past, and linked to the Truth.
Trochee
1 stressed then 1 unstressed
"DUM da"
Define Narrative and Epic poems
Narrative poems tell a story.
Epics tell a very, very long story. They are book length, like The Iliad, The Odyssey, and Beowulf.
Define and give an example:
- Metaphor
- Simile
- Metaphors are when you make a comparison by saying something is the thing you are comparing it to.
- Similes are comparisons where you say something is like or as the thing you are comparing it to.
Name the Five Canons of Rhetoric in order
Invention, Order, Style, Memory, and Delivery
Define Epideictic Rhetoric. Give an example/where it can be found, and which transcendental it is related to.
Epideictic rhetoric is ceremonial rhetoric intended to praise someone or something. It can be found at funerals, weddings, graduations, etc. It wants to pay honor to whom honor is due, and it is linked with the Beautiful.
Dactyl
1 stressed plus 2 unstressed syllables "DUM da da"
Define Dramatic Monologue AND Didactic poetry
Dramatic monologues are poems that feature one character talking to a specific audience that is silent. (Remember monologue, not dialogue)
Didactic (as in the Greek word for teacher!) poems are intended to teach a lesson.
Define and give an example:
- Personification
- Onomatopoeia
- Personification is when you give human qualities to nonhuman entities.
- Onomatopoeia is when a word sounds like the sound it describes.
Name and Define the 6 parts of a classically structured essay
Exordium - hook to draw the reader in
Narratio - background info, definitions, etc.
Partitio - thesis statement
Confirmatio - proof
Refutatio - counter proof
Peroratio - conclusion
Define Deliberative Rhetoric. Give an example/where it can be found, and which transcendental it is related to.
Deliberative rhetoric is rhetoric intending to urge the audience on the best course of action in a given scenario. It seeks the most advantageous plan, it can be found in city halls, legislative assemblies, business meetings, etc. It is linked with the Good.
Spondee
two stresses. "DUM DUM"
Remember to practice scanning lines of poetry! (dividing up the syllables, marking the stresses, and naming the type of meter). You will be asked to do this on the exam.
Define blank verse vs. free verse
Blank verse is unrhymed lines of poetry that follow a consistent metrical pattern, usually iambic pentameter in English.
Free verse is unrhymed lines of poetry that do not follow a consistent metrical pattern.
Define and give an example:
- Metonymy
- Symbolism
- Metonymy is when a poet refers to something by one of its parts, which is intended to represent the whole.
-Symbolism is when a physical object represents a larger idea, emotion, or deeper meaning.
Examples vary.