Logical Fallacies
What is a logical fallacy?
flaws in reasoning when making an argument
Define Ethos Pathos and Logos
Ethos: appeal to authority
Pathos: appeal to emotion
Logos: appeal to logic/reasoning
When evaluating a source, what are you looking for?
CRAAP test, depth, objectivity
When analyzing 2 or more texts, this term focuses on their differences
contrast
A sentence or two that summarizes the main points of an essay and declares an argument
Thesis statement
Which of these is not a logical fallacy? (A.) Appeal to tradition. (B.) Appealto authority. (C.) Appeal to ignorance. (D.) Appeal to reasoning.
D. Appeal to reasoning
What makes an author credible?
Expert in their field, personal experience
Name 3 signs that a source is not credible
outdated, author not credible, no citations, bias, funding, too many ads
When analyzing 2 or more texts, this term focuses on their similarities
comparison
A sentence with a purpose to grab the reader's attention?
hook sentence
What is a straw man fallacy?
misrepresenting someone's argument then tearing that new argument down
Explain how an author's tone can weaken or strengthen pathos in an argument?
Too emotional = emotional manipulation
Monotone = boring / loses attention
What makes a source accurate?
supporting evidence, citations, fact checking
How are these posters (rhetorically) different?
Image 1: https://tinyurl.com/4rx4322r
Image 2: https://tinyurl.com/3vavmxcb
Use personal judgement to decide
True or False: All essays must argue something
False
The cause implied is one of the several possible causes or confirmed causes, thus the issue is oversimplified by presenting a 1-1 cause/effect ratio.
Complex cause fallacy
Why might a speaker limit the use of Pathos?
Possibility for emotional manipulation
Is this source credible? How can you tell?
Meinholz, Greg. "In Jordan Love We Trust." Packers Talk Blog, 12 May 2023
Generally speaking, no. Blogs are not an example of credible information.
What is a comparative analysis?
Looking at 2 or more sources for similarities and differences
Which step in a CCECC paragraph explains how evidence supports the claim?
Commentary
What fallacy is used in this sentence?
"When it's hot, the sun is out. The sun is out, therefore it is hot."
Hasty generalization
How can too much Ethos leak into an argument?
If the argument is based only on credentials and not facts
What does the CRAAP test stand for?
Currency, reliability, authority, accurate, purpose
What are 3 reasons that comparative analysis is important in arguments?
Reach different audiences, multiple perspectives, potential counter arguments
What does CCECC stand for?
Claim, context, evidence, commentary, conclusion