ETHOS
What does "ethos" appeal to in rhetoric?
Credibility or ethics of the speaker/writer.
What does "pathos" appeal to in rhetoric?
Emotions of the audience.
What does "logos" appeal to in rhetoric?
Logic or reason.
What does SOAPSTone stand for?
Speaker, Occasion, Audience, Purpose, Subject, Tone.
Identify the purpose in this sentence: "We must recycle to save our planet for future generations."
To persuade the audience to recycle.
Give an example of ethos in a speech or advertisement.
"As a doctor, I recommend this treatment for its proven success."
Which emotion does a charity ad showing hungry children appeal to?
Compassion or sadness.
What kind of evidence is typically used to appeal to logos?
Statistics, facts, data, and logical reasoning.
What does "Occasion" refer to in SOAPSTone?
The context or situation in which the text is written.
What is the tone of this statement: "It is appalling that so many children go hungry every day."
Outraged or critical.
How can someone establish ethos in their writing or speech?
By demonstrating expertise, citing credible sources, or presenting themselves as trustworthy.
True or False: Pathos is only effective if the audience agrees with the argument.
False. Pathos can evoke strong feelings that persuade, even if the audience disagrees.
What is one example of a fact that appeals to logos?
"70% of students passed the test this year."
How does identifying the audience impact rhetorical choices?
It shapes the speaker’s tone, language, and evidence to appeal to the audience.
Who is the speaker in Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech?
Martin Luther King Jr., a civil rights leader.
Why is ethos important in persuasive writing?
It builds trust and persuades the audience to accept the speaker’s argument.
Give an example of how music in a commercial can create pathos.
Uplifting music in a graduation ad inspires hope or pride.
What is one way logos can strengthen an argument?
By providing irrefutable facts that support the claim.
Which part of SOAPSTone identifies the speaker’s attitude?
Tone.
True or false. The audience of a speech or ad can be EVERYONE.
False. The audience is the people to whom the speaker is directly speaking. There can be a primary and secondary audience. THE AUDIENCE IS NEVER EVERYONE!
How might ethos backfire in a rhetorical argument?
If the speaker is found untrustworthy, their credibility can be questioned, weakening their argument.
What is the possible downside of relying too heavily on pathos?
The argument might seem manipulative or lack logical support.
How can logos and pathos work together in a speech?
Logos provides the evidence while pathos makes the argument relatable and emotionally compelling.
How does "Purpose" differ from "Subject" in SOAPSTone?
Purpose is the speaker’s goal or intention, while Subject is the main topic discussed.
Identify the SOAPSTone elements in this ad: A doctor (Speaker) tells parents (Audience) to vaccinate their children (Purpose) to prevent diseases (Subject) using a calm and reassuring tone (Tone).
Speaker: A doctor
Audience: Parents
Purpose: To encourage vaccination
Subject: Preventing diseases
Tone: Calm and reassuring