Rhetorical Appeals
The persuasive appeal uses credibility, experience, trust, and ethics
What is Ethos?
Example:
“Education is the key to success.”
What is a metaphor ?
What is the tone of Shirley Chisholm’s candidacy speech?
A. Defeated and sorrowful
B. Confident and determined
C. Humorous and light
D. Angry and bitter
Bonus:
Find one phrase from the speech that supports your tone choice.
What is B. Confident and determined
BOUNS: “One child, one teacher, one book, and one pen can change the world.”
In both Malala’s and Shirley Chisholm’s speeches, what is the MAIN IDEA they are trying to prove called?
What is a claim?
Which sentence BEST states a claim supported by Shirley Chisholm’s candidacy speech?
A. Leadership should only represent the majority group.
B. Every American deserves equal representation and a voice in government.
C. Campaigns should focus mostly on economic issues.
D. Leaders must avoid discussing controversial topics.
Which statement BEST represents a claim that could be supported by Malala’s speech?
A. All schools should offer more extracurricular programs.
B. Education is a fundamental right, and denying it is an act of injustice that must be challenged.
C. Leaders should run for political office when they feel ready.
D. Students learn best when they study alone.
What is B. Every American deserves equal representation and a voice in government. AND B. Education is a fundamental right, and denying it is an act of injustice that must be challenged.
The persuasive appeal uses emotions/ feeling and personal stake
What is Pathos?
Example:
“Her voice was as soft as a whisper.”
What is a simile?
to advocate for every child’s right to education and to call for global action against discrimination and violence that prevent children—especially girls—from going to school.
What is the purpose of Malala's UN speech?
Malala states that millions of girls are denied education around the world.
Which part of an argument is this?
What is evidence?
Which audience is MOST directly targeted by Shirley Chisholm’s slogan “Unbought and Unbossed” on her campaign posters?
A. Voters who prefer traditional political candidates
B. Citizens frustrated with political corruption and looking for authentic leadership
C. Young children learning about elections for the first time
D. International audiences not involved in U.S. politics
What is B. Citizens frustrated with political corruption and looking for authentic leadership
The persuasive appeal uses logical reasoning, facts, evidence, data and statistics
What is Logos?
Example:
“The sun smiled down on the children as they played.”
What is personification?
Which line from “Speak Up” BEST contributes to its empowering tone?
A. “Not holding a fear of what others may say”
B. “Give all of your fears to our friends up above”
C. “But a teacher to others who sometimes hold back”
D. “No longer a prisoner of insecurity”
What is D. “No longer a prisoner of insecurity”
Some people believed a woman could not successfully run for president in 1972.
What part of an argument does this represent?
What is the counterclaim?
Which theme is MOST clearly reinforced by both Malala’s speech and the poem “Speak Up”?
A. Silence is safer than speaking out..
B. People should not confront authority.
C. True power comes from using one’s voice to challenge injustice.
D. Education has little influence on personal growth.
What is C. True power comes from using one’s voice to challenge injustice.
“The terrorists thought that they would change my aims and stop my ambitions, but nothing changed in my life except this: weakness, fear, and hopelessness died. Strength, power, and courage were born.”
An example of pathos from Malala's UN speech.
Shirley Chisholm repeats the phrase “I am not the candidate…” at the beginning of multiple sentences.
What is repetition?
Malala shares her personal story of being attacked for wanting an education.
What is the PURPOSE of sharing this emotional story?
What is to inspire and persuade?
Shirley Chisholm responds to critics by proving she is experienced, qualified, and capable of leading the nation.
What part of an argument is this?
What is a rebuttal?
Which claim is most consistent with the message of the poem “Speak Up” and would appeal strongly to its intended audience?
A. People should avoid conflict by keeping their thoughts to themselves.
B. Speaking up is an act of courage that helps individuals free themselves from fear and inspire others.
C. Only public leaders have a responsibility to speak out.
D. People should always agree with the majority to stay safe.
What is B. Speaking up is an act of courage that helps individuals free themselves from fear and inspire others.
“I am not the candidate of Black America, although I am Black and proud. I am not the candidate of the women's movement of this country, although I am a woman, and I'm equally proud of that. I am the candidate of the people of America.”
An example of ethos from Chisholm's announcement.
“The fireworks went boom, crack, and pop across the night sky.”
“I’ve told you a million times to turn in your homework.”
What is an Onomatopoeia and a Hyperbole?
Compared to Shirley Chisholm’s candidacy speech, the tone of “Speak Up” is—
A. More assertive and confrontational
B. More reflective and gentle
C. More political and urgent
D. More formal and distant
What is B. More reflective and gentle
Malala argues that girls deserve access to education, and Shirley Chisholm argues that leadership should represent all people.
Both speakers include the problems in society, their position, supporting reasons, and a call for change.
Which statement BEST explains how BOTH speakers strengthen their arguments?
What is...They combine strong claims with emotional and logical evidence to persuade their audience to take action.
Which socially relevant theme is highlighted in Shirley Chisholm’s candidacy speech but presented differently in Malala’s speech?
A. The idea that leadership requires independence and integrity.
B. The belief that education is the only solution to injustice.
C. The claim that political campaigns are harmful.
D. The belief that social change must happen quietly.
Bonus:
Explain how each speaker conveys this theme in her speech.
What is A. The idea that leadership requires independence and integrity.