What does it mean?
Logos
Appeals to the audience's intellect and reasoning by using evidence, data, facts. Focuses on text of the argument itself.
Straw Man
An arguer takes opposing point out of context or attacks a different point in order to weaken the overall argument.
Bullshit
Harry Frankfurt
Jesse Fredal
Bullshit as rhetorical practice
Policy (in stasis theory)
"The city council should ban single-use plastics to reduce pollution"
Dissoi Logoi
Technique that involves arguing both sides of the argument by developing opposing ideas to gain deeper understanding/find compromise.
Slippery slope
If A happens that B will happen - without providing evidence of this progression
Stasis Theory
A. Koerber & T. Al-Shawaf
David Gruber
Discusses the affective/ethical dimensions of attack rhetoric - ad hominem
Identity Tourism
Use of choosing avatars in virtual gaming platforms
Conjecture
The facts. Did something happen? Is there a problem or issue? What are the causes? How did it begin?
Red Herring
An arguer introduces irrelevant information to derail the argument from original direction. Used to distract.
Data Voids + Information Manipulation
Michael Golebiewski & danah boyd
Lisa Nakamura
Discusses identity tourism, digital ethos, performative identity
Attention Economy
Clickbait and sensationalist videos on YouTube
Affective drift
Societal anxieties (racism, ableism) are repurposed to fuel new prejudices.
Genus-Species
An arguer moves between general category and specific instance, overgeneralizing/assuming members of a group share characteristics
Identity Based Rhetoric
V. J. Hsu
C. Alford
Discusses opinion formation and doxa
Demagoguery
Donald Trump
Enthymeme
Ad misericordiam
"Appeal to pity" fallacy, pulls from pathos. Speaker manipulates emotions, like guilt or compassion, to argue.
Fallacies
Patricia Roberts-Miller
Celeste Condit
Discusses phronesis and scientific rhetoric
Doxa
"The customer is always right"