Sugar Showdown
Insulin regimen preferred for hospitalized patients receiving consistent nutrition.
What is basal-bolus insulin therapy?
Most common cause of hypothyroidism in the United States.
What is Hashimoto thyroiditis?
Most common functioning pituitary adenoma.
What is prolactinoma?
Most common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency in developed countries.
What is autoimmune adrenalitis?
Most common cause of hypercalcemia in ambulatory patients.
What is primary hyperparathyroidism?
Hormone that increases potassium excretion in the distal nephron.
What is aldosterone?
Most common endocrine disorder causing infertility in women.
What is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)?
Most common cause of hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients with diabetes.
What is exogenous insulin?
Antibody most commonly associated with Graves disease.
What is TSH receptor antibody (thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin)?
First-line treatment for prolactinoma.
What is dopamine agonists (cabergoline or bromocriptine)?
Triad of symptoms classically seen in pheochromocytoma.
What are headache, sweating, and palpitations?
Medication class used to treat osteoporosis by inhibiting osteoclasts.
What are bisphosphonates?
Common medication class associated with SIADH.
What are SSRIs?
Medication used to treat hirsutism in PCOS by blocking androgen receptors.
What is spironolactone?
Class of diabetes medications proven to reduce heart failure hospitalization and cardiovascular mortality.
What are SGLT2 inhibitors?
Preferred antithyroid medication during the first trimester of pregnancy.
What is propylthiouracil (PTU)?
Medication used to treat acromegaly by inhibiting GH secretion.
What is octreotide (somatostatin analog)?
Most common cause of Cushing syndrome overall.
What is exogenous glucocorticoid use?
Immediate treatment for symptomatic hypocalcemia.
What is IV calcium gluconate?
Urine osmolality typically seen in SIADH.
What is >100 mOsm/kg?
Chromosomal abnormality causing hypergonadotropic hypogonadism in men.
What is Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY)?
Medication class that increases insulin secretion by closing ATP-sensitive potassium channels in pancreatic beta cells.
What are sulfonylureas?
Most common cause of painless postpartum hyperthyroidism.
What is postpartum thyroiditis?
Hormone most sensitive for detecting acromegaly.
What is IGF-1?
Electrolyte abnormalities typical of primary adrenal insufficiency.
What are hyponatremia and hyperkalemia?
EKG change associated with hypercalcemia.
What is shortened QT interval?
Treatment for central diabetes insipidus.
What is desmopressin?
First-line ovulation induction medication for women with PCOS trying to conceive.
What is letrozole?
Initial treatment priority in hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state before insulin therapy.
What is aggressive IV fluid resuscitation?
Key laboratory finding distinguishing central hypothyroidism from primary hypothyroidism.
What is low or inappropriately normal TSH with low free T4?
Condition caused by pituitary infarction after postpartum hemorrhage.
What is Sheehan syndrome?
Medication that must be given before beta blockers in pheochromocytoma treatment.
What is phenoxybenzamine (alpha blockade)?
Medication used to treat severe hypercalcemia of malignancy when bisphosphonates fail.
What is denosumab?
Diagnostic test used to differentiate central from nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
What is the water deprivation test with desmopressin administration?
Malignancy in women of reproductive age that secretes β-hCG causing hyperthyroidism via TSH receptor stimulation.
What is choriocarcinoma?