Vocabulary
refers to the organizational pattern authors of nonfiction use to present information.
Text Structure
present a problem or a series of problems, and offer solutions on how to solve them
Problem and Solution
Which phrase from paragraph 2 helps the author to refine the idea of a unified country in a post-war nation?
A.“found one another again as brothers and comrades in arms”
B.“shall not forget the splendid valor, the manly devotion of the men”
C.“how full of large and confident promise”
D.“have made us heirs to a mighty heritage”
A.“found one another again as brothers and comrades in arms”
What does civil strife mean in paragraph 7?
A. open warfare
B. domestic unrest
C. faithful alliances
D. general contentment
B. domestic unrest
includes specific characteristics of a person, event, or place, using descriptive adjectives or key words
description
present information about events in the order in which they take or have taken place
Chronological
Select two phrases from paragraph 4 that best establish the author’s challenge to the citizens to ensure the stability of the country’s future.
A. “It is secure in everything. . . .”
B. “. . . the satisfaction that its life is right, . . .”
C. “. . . adjusted to the uttermost. . . .”
D. “. . . have harder things to do than were done in the heroic days of war.”
E. “. . . more candid searching of the very springs of right.”
D. “. . . have harder things to do than were done in the heroic days of war.”
E. “. . . more candid searching of the very springs of right.”
How does paragraph 3 contribute to the development of the central idea?
A. by describing the unparalleled heroism of the soldiers who fought in the battle
B. by shifting from a discussion of the soldiers’ accomplishments to the citizens’ responsibility
C. by suggesting that the methods used by the soldiers were ineffective and need to be altered
D. by emphasizing the idea that America has accomplished all it can as a nation
B. by shifting from a discussion of the soldiers’ accomplishments to the citizens’ responsibility
present information about events or steps in a process, in the order in which they take or have taken place
Sequential
Signal Words: Similarly, on the other hand, in common, different than, however
uses what text structure?
compare and contrast
Which phrase describes how the author organizes paragraph 6?
A. by using technical diction
B. by asking relevant questions
C. by clarifying false assertions
D. by sharing personal testimonies
B. by asking relevant questions
Read the sentence below from paragraph 3.
But do we deem the Nation complete and finished?
Which two phrases explain why the author includes this sentence?
A. to introduce the ongoing duty to preserve the nation
B. to describe the men who fought on behalf of the country
C. to emphasize the idea of defending the country against all enemies
D. to emphasize the notion that the current population had a poor work ethic
E. to pose a question compelling the people to appreciate the efforts made on their behalf
A. to introduce the ongoing duty to preserve the nation
E. to pose a question compelling the people to appreciate the efforts made on their behalf
explain how or why something happened
Cause and Effect
Signal Words: Because, since, as a result of, reasons why, therefore
uses what text structure?
Cause and Effect
Choose a phrase for each blank to correctly complete the sentence.
The author organizes paragraph 5 by using [CHOICE 1] and [CHOICE 2].
Choice 1: informal diction-emotional rhetoric-eyewitness accounts
Choice 2-familiar quotes-warlike imagery-technical jargon
emotional rhetoric-warlike imagery
Part A
How does paragraph 8 contribute to the major ideas in the passage?
A. by emphasizing the need to acquire wealth
B. by advocating the growth of a faith-based population
C. by challenging the citizens to decide the course of the nation going forward
D. by focusing on the fact that the country is much younger than other countries
C. by challenging the citizens to decide the course of the nation going forward
present information about things that are different but have something in common, such as two points of view on a subject
Compare and Contrast
Give one way to identify an author’s ideas or claims in the text.
the main ideas or claims
paragraphs and sentences that: develop ideas or claims
refine ideas or claims
how an idea or claim is refined in larger portions of text
Drag each idea on the left to the paragraph where it is developed.
Choice3 Target1,
Choice4 Target2,
Choice2 Target3,
Choice1 Target4
Part B
Which quote from paragraph 8 supports the answer in Part A?
A. “Here is the nation God has built. . . .“
B. “. . . day of our country's life has but broadened into morning.”
C. “. . . that prosperity which lies in a people's hearts and outlasts all wars and errors of men.”
D. “Lift your eyes to the great tracts of life yet to be conquered. . . .”
D. “Lift your eyes to the great tracts of life yet to be conquered. . . .”
How does the author’s use of rhetoric in paragraph 7 develop the author’s purpose?
A. by using imagery to emphasize the number of casualties at the Battle of Gettysburg
B. by contrasting the freedoms fought for to the freedoms listed in the Constitution
C. by using a metaphor to assert that he is leading soldiers in a continued battle to protect freedoms
D. by appealing to the citizens' anger over the brutality of the Battle of Gettysburg
C. by using a metaphor to assert that he is leading soldiers in a continued battle to protect freedoms