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Competency 3
Phonological and Phonemic Awareness
Competency 4
Concepts about Print, Letter Recognition and the Alphabetic Principle
Competency 7
Syllabic Analysis, Structural Analysis, and Orthographic Knowledge
Competency 10
Vocabulary, Academic Language and Background Knowledge
Competency 11
Instruction and Assessment of Competency 10 Components
100
What is a phoneme?
A speech sound in a language that signals difference in meaning. They are the smallest units of speech.
100
What are the four concepts about print?
1. The relationships between spoken and written english and the notion that print carries meaning 2. Sentence, word and letter representation 3. Directionality of Englsh and tracking print 4. Book handling skills
100
What is a morpheme?
the most elemental unit of meaning in a language. In English there are only two types of morphemes: some words and all affixes. Remember, not all syllables are morphemes, and some words have more than one morpheme. i.e, elephant has one morpheme. Walked (walk +ed) and chairs (chair + s) have two.
100
What is listening vocabulary?
your listening vocabulary consists of the words you understand when listening to other people speak.
100
What are affixes?
Either prefixes (before the root word: non, un, pre) or suffixes (after the root word: ment, er, ly)
200
Define a vowel and distinguish between the different types: 1. Long 2. Short 3. R-controlled
Vowels - air flow is open when saying these 1. Long Vowels - say their own name. i.e. lake or kite 2. Short Vowels - occur in words such as sat, lit, rut 3. R-controlled vowels- are in neither long or short
200
How do you assess letter recognition
1. Recognition - teacher names, child points 2. Naming - Teacher points, child names 3. Production: Isolation & Context (writing sample)
200
What is orthographic knowledge?
What a person knows about how to spell words.
200
What is speaking vocabulary?
Your speaking vocabulary consists of the words you use when you talk. It is always smaller than your listening vocabulary.
200
Name and describe four effective strategies to teach the meanings of words
1. Contextual Redefinition - make use of the context surrounding the target word. 2. Semantic Maps - (word maps or semantic webs) diagrams used in prereading instruction to teach meaning of words & activate prior knowledge 3. Semantic Feature Analysis - good for a set of words that share at least 1 characteristic (a chart). 4. Word Sorts - compare and contrast words
300
What are consonants?
Speech sounds that occur when the airflow is obstructed in some way by your mouth, teeth, or lips.
300
What are the best ways to teach letter recognition?
1. Direct instruction and practice on forming letters; often used with the names of the children and their favorite things (like toys) 2. Tactile & kinesthetic
300
What is syllabic analysis?
the process of decoding a multisyllabic word by examining the word's syllables. Students recognize the word by putting together their knowledge of each of the word's syllables.
300
What is Meaning (Reading) Vocabulary?
Your meaning vocabulary consists of words you understand when reading silently.
300
What is a cloze assessment?
a quick informal reading assessment. It assesses the students’ independent reading level, instructional reading level and frustration reading level.
400
Distinguish between onsets and rimes
Think syllable! The onset is the initial consonant sound, the rime is the vowel sound and any consonants that follow. Example: Syllable: Cats. Onset: C. Rime: ats. Example: Syllable: In. Onset: none Rime: in. (Syllables must have a rime, but may not always have an onset.) The onset and Rime for napkin: Onset: N Rime: ap, Onset: K, Rime: in
400
What is letter formation and how is it assessed?
The ability to write the letters. (production) Isolation - the teacher calls out the name of the letter and the child writes it. Context - teacher gathers samples of the student writing to judge the ability of each student to produce each letter.
400
Syllabic and structural analysis are needed for ________words
muti-syllabic
400
What is background knowledge?
It refers to what you know about a specific topic. Students will not comprehend what they are reading if they lack essential background knowledge on the topic. Background knowledge is the foundation upon which greater knowledge can be built.
400
Name some ways to assess vocabulary
1. Use standardized tests - look at problems. 2. Display word in sentence, 3-4 choices of definitions 3. Ask students to choose a synonym 4. Analogies with fill in the blank
500
What is a digraph?
A digraph is 2 letters that spell a single sound, or phoneme. The important thing to remember is that a digraph is made of two letters, and although the letters spell a sound, the digraph is the two letters, not the sound.
500
How do you teach Concepts about Print?
1. The Shared Book Experience - teachers use big books. includes introduction (prereading) ask predictive questions. read story with dramatic punch and point to text (tracking of print). Have discussion, reread on subsequent days with the whole group 2. Direct explicit teaching - your objective is the concept - many resources can be used.
500
Teaching phonics are good for__________words
single syllable
500
In order to comprehend a text, a reader must have adequately developed what 3 things?
1. meaning vocabulary 2. academic language knowledge 3. background knowledge
500
What is etymology?
Etymology is the history and development of words.