Early Life
Richard's nickname
Lionheart
Who were Richard's parents?
Henry II - King of England and Eleanor of Aquitane
Name the 3 main crusaders and who they were
Richard I of England
Philip II of France
Frederick I of Germany
Was the Crusade successul?
Not technically because they didn't succeed in capturing Jerusalem, but they did gain allies and resources.
Chivalric, hero, military legend, gay
Barely spent time in England (6 months ever), had a high cost of ransom, overwhelmingly positive, failed to get Jerusalem, gay
What happened in 1173-74 with Henry II?
The Great Revolt - richard joined his mother and brothers in a revolt against his dad because he didn't give them land or power. they also had help from Barons who were also belittled/suppressed by the King.
How did he become King?
Henry the Young (III) died, so he became heir apparent.
Who was Saladin?
Served as the Ayyubid Sultan who united Muslim forces to oppose the Crusader invasion.
According to reddit: Despite never meeting in person, they developed a legendary "frenemy" relationship, characterized by mutual admiration, chivalrous exchanges, intense battlefield opposition, and extensive diplomatic negotiations.
What was the Treaty that Crusuade in Sept 1192?
Treaty of Jaffa - 3yr truce - Christians kept the coast, Muslims kept Jerusalem
Who captured Richard in 1192 and for how long?
Leopold of Austria for 2 years - it took england 150,000 marks to free him. He was also given to the Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI
Why did the great revolt fail?
Henry Il's military strength, lack of unity, financial strain, Eleanor was captured
What was Richard's childhood like?
Grew up in France (Poitiers) with his mother as Duke of Aquitane. Was trained like a knight, didn't expect to become king - chivalry and military/fighting skills.
What happened in Sicily in 1190?
They stopped to assemble + gather funds, ended up staying because the illegitimate heir Tancred had captured his widowed sister Joan. Richard obviously got her back, along with money (which he didn't share with his boyfriend Phil I) and an ally in Italy
Which battle did Richard dominate in - Battle of Arsuf or the final march to Jerusalem?
The anti-semitism caused what?
Heavier taxation on the Jews, Pogroms - essentially massacres of Jews - which Richard didn't intervene in, lots of suicide of Jews who didn't want to convert to christianity. But also Richard did a Charter of the Jews, which reaffirmed their rights.
Why was the Catholic Church so rich?
Many people donated their money or land to the Church, often in their wills. They did this so that members of the Church would pray for them after they died, which would help them to get to heaven. The Church also earned money from rents from its land and profits from agricultural work done on it
How did Richard betray his father? and why?
He swore fealty to King of France (Philip II) - basically bc his dad slept with his betrothed.
Why did Richard conquer Cyprus?
Troops had been captured, he needed supplies and money
What happened in June 1191?
Siege of Acre, Richard ended the 2 year conflict and killed 2700-3000 Muslims
What castle does he build, when, and where?
Château Gaillard in Normandy in 1196 - cost him 12,000 marks - 2 billion today
What and when was the Siege of Taillebourg?
1179 - big military victory for Richard as he captured the "impregnable" fortress of Taillebourg
Answer this: Ilya is to Shane what Richard is to ____?
Philip I
Where did Richard marry? And who?
Berengeria of Navarre in Cyprus (ooh no wonder him and Philip fought). They were shipwrecked in Cyprus originally.
How did Richard try to avoid capture on his way home?
Disguise/ travelled by sea/ aimed to reach friendly lands- Germany (But Emperor Henry later forged an alliance with Philip - ooh he was jealous that his boyf married a wife)
Count of Tolouse - Raymond VI
Count of Flanders - Baldwin IX
Count of Bonlogne