Renal Failure stuff
This type of renal failure is common in advanced cirrhosis and is characterized by functional kidney impairment without structural damage.
What is hepatorenal syndrome?
This lab value ratio is typically >20:1 in prerenal azotemia.
What is the BUN:creatinine ratio?
This vitamin should be supplemented to prevent Wernicke’s encephalopathy in recovering alcoholics.
What is thiamine (vitamin B1)?
This is the mainstay of therapy in patients with end-stage renal disease.
What is dialysis?
Hepatorenal syndrome is most commonly seen in patients with this liver condition.
What is cirrhosis?
This hormone system is activated due to splanchnic vasodilation in cirrhosis, worsening kidney perfusion.
What is the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)?
This type of azotemia is caused by decreased renal perfusion.
What is prerenal azotemia?
This is the first step in managing a patient with alcohol dependence.
What is alcohol withdrawal management or detoxification?
This class of medications must be carefully managed in renal failure due to the risk of hyperkalemia.
What are ACE inhibitors or ARBs?
Hepatorenal syndrome is a type of this broad category of kidney injury.
What is prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI)?
This is a poor prognostic indicator in cirrhotic patients, indicating worsening renal function and high mortality.
What is a rising serum creatinine?
This type of azotemia involves damage to kidney parenchyma.
What is intrinsic or intrarenal azotemia?
This social support method has been shown to reduce relapse rates in alcohol use disorder.
What is group therapy or Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)?
This diet is recommended to manage electrolyte and fluid balance in chronic kidney disease.
What is a low-sodium, low-potassium, low-protein diet?
This protein is given intravenously with vasoconstrictors to improve kidney function in Hepatorenal syndrome.
What is albumin?
Long-term renal prognosis in cirrhotic patients with ascites depends on this definitive treatment.
What is liver transplantation?
This type of azotemia is caused by obstruction to urine flow.
What is postrenal azotemia?
This medication can help reduce alcohol cravings and risk of relapse.
What is naltrexone?
This long-term treatment option is the only cure for end-stage renal disease.
What is kidney transplantation?
In hepatorenal syndrome, the kidneys are structurally normal but have this kind of problem.
What is a functional problem (decreased blood flow/perfusion)?
Patients with cirrhosis and renal failure often need to avoid these medications, which can worsen kidney perfusion.
What are NSAIDs or diuretics?
This urine finding helps differentiate prerenal from intrinsic azotemia.
What is urine sodium concentration (low in prerenal, high in intrinsic)?
This complication of alcohol withdrawal may include seizures and requires benzodiazepine treatment.
What is delirium tremens?
This condition often accompanies renal failure and requires treatment with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents.
What is anemia of chronic disease or anemia of renal failure?
The pathophysiology of hepatorenal syndrome involves vasodilation in this vascular bed.
What is the splanchnic circulation?