Trust Issues
Lincoln and Guba used this umbrella term instead of 'rigor' to describe the quality, authenticity, and truthfulness of qualitative research
What is Trustworthiness
In scientific research, rigor is established through validity and this other component
What is reliability
This type of control randomizes and removes as many variables as possible in a sample to ensure participants are representative of the population being studied
What is a subject control
Rigor's primary purpose is to reduce this
What is bias
This is the term for any factor in a study that can exist in differing amounts or types — including independent, dependent, and controlled varieties
What is a variable
This criterion asks whether findings have applicability in other contexts
What is transferability
This component of rigor asks whether a study's findings accurately measure what they claim to measure
What is validity
This type of control tests the same research question multiple ways, reducing the possibility that the method itself is affecting the data
What is method control
This best practice requires researchers to actively acknowledge their own position, assumptions, and perspective before conducting research
What is positionality
This process of assigning participants by chance is one of the most fundamental ways researchers reduce bias in experimental design
What is randomization
This criterion of trustworthiness shows that findings are consistent and could be repeated
What is dependability
Rigorous research embeds this quality into its methodology so that another researcher could conduct the same study and reach comparable findings
What is replicability
This type of control measures a system without any intervention, establishing a baseline to confirm that results do not appear on their own
What is a negative control
This practice of critically examining how your own presence, assumptions, and decisions may have influenced the research process is considered essential to rigorous qualitative research
What is reflexivity
A good hypothesis must have this quality – meaning it can be proven wrong with evidence, not just proven right
What is falsifiability
This branch of philosophy that examines the nature of knowledge is why researchers disagree about whether and how rigor can be applied to qualitative research
What is Epistemology
Replicability requires collecting new data to confirm findings, but this related concept tests the integrity of the original study by having others work with the same dataset
What is reproducibility
This type of control establishes researcher objectivity by collecting two datasets using the same means but with different samples
What is an experimental control
Planning for, and adherence to these are a means of reducing researcher bias
What are scientific controls
This process does more than predict an outcome – it creates a testable statement specific enough to guide every subsequent decision about experimental design
What is hypothesis formation
This axiom operates under the core assumption that there is a single, objective truth
what is positivism
According to Hofseth, if science isn't rigorous, it is this
What is reckless
This type of control confirms that the behavior or phenomenon being studied actually exists
What is a positive control
This is a method that involves cross-verifying findings through different means to enhance rigor
What is Triangulation
This method ensures every individual in a population has a known, non-zero chance of being selected, making findings more defensible and generalizable
What is probabilistic sampling