Refers to the large number of U.S. citizens currently serving time in prison.
What is mass incarceration?
100
City in which this study takes place.
What is Oakland?
100
Rios is writing this book to demonstrate the consequences of this on his participants.
What is social control?
100
Schools charged boys who missed school with this, which could result in their being expelled.
What is truancy?
100
The majority of interactions between police and Rios' participants were (positive or negative).
What is negative?
200
Process by which styles and behaviors are rendered deviant and treated with punishment.
What is criminalization?
200
Number of young men studied by Rios for the full 3 years (out of the 40 originally recruited).
What is 32?
200
Rios argues the youth control complex is composed of material and ________ criminalization.
What is symbolic?
200
Programs in which students are referred to police after their third disciplinary infraction.
What is three strikes?
200
Group formed in Oakland to protest white supremacy.
What is Black Panthers?
300
Process by which an individual's everyday behaviors become treated as deviant or criminal.
What is hypercriminalization?
300
20 of the boys in this study were ______, 20 of the boys were __________.
What is Black; Latino?
300
Unjust interactions with the youth control complex created these, preventing boys from becoming successful in mainstream society.
What is blocked opportunities?
300
California Law that allows one to be prosecuted by crimes committed by peer if defendant was deemed to be part of the gang.
What is Proposition 21?
300
One of two adults that Rios credits with helping him get off the streets.
What is teacher or police officer?
400
Type of sociology practiced by Rios, which refers to the study of young men by someone who had previously been a gang member.
What is O.G. Sociology
400
Rios decided to only study boys so that he could focus on this quality.
What is masculinity?
400
This was a form of resistance to punitive social control, but often resulted in greater punishment for the boys.
What is deviance?
400
Wacquant's fourth stage of racial domination.
What is prison?
400
This action by schools was often caused by truancy, following a violent attack in which the person was victimized.
What is expel?
500
System in which schools, police, families, community centers, and other organizations treat young people's everyday behaviors as criminal.
What is youth control complex?
500
Rios found most of his participants via this method of sampling.
What is snowball?
500
This term describes the phenomenon in which boys are treated as criminals from a young age, and that negative attention leads them to engage in the criminal behaviors expected of them.
What is self-fulfilling prophecy?
500
Rios found that Latinos, but not Black boys, gained respected from police and teachers by doing this.
What is dressing more formally?
500
A type of ethnography whereby a researcher studies a marginalized place in the hopes of "saving" the "poor" people living there.