People
This American sociologist went undercover in a mental hospital for a year which inspired his book Asylum (1961)
Erving Goffman
An outdated word describing an institution offering shelter and support to people who are mentally ill
An asylum
This was the first year antidepressants were introduced.
1958
This world war radically changed psychiatry in the west
The branch of medicine focused on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mental, emotional and behavioral disorders
Psychiatry
A Washington, D.C. neurologist who performed the first lobotomy in the United States
Walter Freeman
Another word for "fools' houses"
Tollhauser
The year when Bedlam, the first major public madhouse, opened in London (still in existence as the much-reformed Bethlem Royal Hospital)
1685
The largest state mental hospital in the USA. At its height in 1950, this US state mental hospital housed over 10,000 patients
Georgia state sanatorium at Milledgeville
A naturally occurring substance noted to have a calming effect. It was introduced as a long-term "mood-stabilizing" treatment for manic depressive disorder in 1968 and has reduced the risk of further breakdowns.
Lithium carbonate
This psychiatrist coined the term "institutional neurosis"
Russell Barton
A weak electric current to initiate a fit as a form of psychiatric treatment
Electro-convulsive therapy
The number of psychiatric beds in the West has shrunk to less than a third of what it was in what decade in the 1900s
The 50's
This act worked to preserve the rights of the sane to not be judged insane
1890 Lunacy Act
The location of the first US Psychiatric Hospital
Williamsburg, Virginia
This US influential social reformer helped keep federally-funded asylums high on the US' agenda. Known as the "Angel of the Madhouses".
Dorothea Dix
Vitamin B deficiency due to protein-deficient meals that could lead to dementia and was a common cause of admission and death
Pellagra
The year when Congress passed the "Community Mental Health Act"
1963
This infamous book written by Ken Kesey in 1962 vividly portrayed the unacceptable face of large impersonal asylums
"One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest"
Parasites from this world famous disease were used to kill syphilis by Wagner-Jauregg
Malaria
This US president enacted the "Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act" in 1963 which established community mental health centers
John F. Kennedy
This team of healthcare professionals assess the broad range of mental health problems (from depression to psychosis) and offer treatment in clinics, patients’ homes, day hospitals, and (when needed) as inpatients.
Community mental health teams
The year when the Supreme Court ruled the mentally ill could not be forcibly committed unless they posed a danger to "self or other"
1975
One worrying aspect of deinstitutionalization is that some of the reduction means more mentally ill patients are transferred back to these types of institutions
Prisons
This 1st generation antipsychotic was discovered by chance after discovery of calming properties post surgery
Chlorpromazine