Geography
What river runs through the city of Rome?
The Tiber River
What type of government did Rome adopt after overthrowing its king?
Republic
What was the name of Rome’s greatest rival in the Mediterranean?
Carthage
Who was Julius Caesar?
A general and leader who declared himself dictator for life
What were the wealthy upper-class citizens of Rome called?
Patricians
How many hills was Rome built on?
Seven
What was the name of the Roman Republic’s legislative body made up of 300 men who advised leaders?
The Senate
In which war did Rome first defeat Carthage, gaining control of Sicily?
First Punic War
What famous phrase did Julius Caesar say after his victory, meaning "I came, I saw, I conquered"?
"Veni, Vidi, Vici"
What were the common people in Rome who fought for more rights called?
Plebeians
What was the benefit of Rome’s inland location, away from the coast?
Protection from pirates
What group in the Roman Republic made decisions about war and peace?
Centuriate Assembly
Who was the Carthaginian general who crossed the Alps with elephants during the Second Punic War?
Hannibal
Who assassinated Julius Caesar, and why?
Roman senators, fearing he was too powerful
What group of people in Rome served for life and advised the consuls?
The Senate
Which sea did Rome control after the Punic Wars?
The Mediterranean Sea
What were the two elected officials called who led the Roman Republic?
Consuls
What was the decisive battle in the Second Punic War where Rome finally defeated Hannibal?
Battle of Zama
Who became the first emperor of Rome and established the Pax Romana?
Augustus (Octavian)
What was the 200-year period of peace and stability in the Roman Empire called?
Pax Romana
Name one reason why the geography of Rome helped it become a powerful city-state.
Natural defense (hills) and trade access
What were the written laws of Rome called, displayed publicly on 12 bronze tablets?
The Law of the Twelve Tables
In the Third Punic War, what happened to the city of Carthage?
It was destroyed and became a Roman province
Who was the famous Carthaginian general who fought against Rome in the Second Punic War?
Hannibal
What was the purpose of the Law of the Twelve Tables?
To ensure all citizens were treated equally under the law