BIOSCIENCE
What type of bond holds the two complementary DNA strands together?
Hydrogen bonds
What process converts milk into yoghurt using microorganisms?
Fermentation
What are organisms such as fungi and many bacteria that break down dead organic matter called?
Decomposers
What is the pH of a neutral solution at 25°C?
7
Which blood type is known as the universal red blood cell donor?
O negative
During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?
S Phase
What property of food describes the amount of free water available for microbial growth and chemical reactions?
Water activity (aw)
What process describes the gradual accumulation of a substance such as a pollutant within an organism over time?
Bioaccumulation
What is the largest organ in the human body?
Skin
Which animal has three hearts and blue blood?
Octopus
What technique is used to make millions of copies of a specific DNA sequence?
PCR
Which protein in wheat forms the gluten network responsible for much of bread's structure and elasticity?
Glutenin
What term describes the increase in concentration of a pollutant as it moves up successive levels of a food chain?
Biomagnification
What principle states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed?
The First Law of Thermodynamics
What is the only mammal capable of true sustained flight?
Bat
What organelle is responsible for producing most of the cell's ATP?
Mitochondria
What is the term for the browning reaction between reducing sugars and amino acids that occurs during cooking?
Maillard reaction
What type of species has a disproportionately large effect on its ecosystem relative to its abundance?
Keystone species
What is the fastest land animal?
Cheetah
What is the most widely consumed beverage in the world after water?
Tea
What enzyme is commonly used in PCR because it can withstand high temperatures?
Taq polymerase
What does HACCP stand for?
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points
What does PFAS stand for?
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
Which planet has the shortest day in our Solar System?
Jupiter
Which animal can survive being frozen for months and then thawed back to life?
Wood Frog