Transcription
How does RNA polymerase start transcription?
Before the coding gene, there is a region called the promoter sequence where RNA polymerase begins transcription; this is where the template strand is determined
mRNA processing happens in eukaryotes or prokaryotes?
eukaryotes
what does the mRNA do in this process?
mRNA carries the directions on how to build a protein to a ribosome
True or False:
RNA is built from 3' to 5' and runs parallel to DNA
FALSE
How does RNA polymerase know where the promoter is?
In every promoter, there is the following sequence “ TATA” aka “tata box” “ ATAT”
what does the mRNA do before leaving the nucleus
the initial RNA transcript (pre-mRNA) undergoes modifications before leaving the nucleus.
what happens if a mutation occurs in the noncoding DNA?
it does not matter and wont affect our phenotypes
Nucleotides in DNA vs RNA
DNA: A, T, G, C
RNA: A, U, G, C
How does RNA polymerase know when to stop?
Eukaryoes → not found yet.
Prokaryotes → there is a terminator sequence
what is added to the 3' and the 5' end of the mRNA?
Poly-A Tail at 3' End
Guanine Nucleotide Cap at 5'
difference between introns and extrons.
Introns: in the way (we dont need these parts) are removed
Exons: are spliced together (brought together)
tRNA, mRNa, rRNA
tRNA: brings correct amino acid to each of mRNA's codons
mRNA: temporary copy of DNA
rRNA: structural component of the ribosome where transcription takes place
names for the template strand
3 names for the template strand:
Noncoding, Minus, Antisense
purpose of poly-a-tail.
It helps prevent mRNA from degrading rapidly as soon as it enters the cytoplasm
how do introns get spliced?
snRNP’s are enzymes used to splice out introns. They recognize the splice sequences to cut
What is a Splicesome?
group of snRNP's
difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes (general knowledge)
Prokaryotes: T&T occurs in cytoplasm
Eukaryotes: Transcription in nucleus. Translation in Cytoplasm
Purpose of the guanine cap.
It has 3 phosphate groups and This helps protect the beginning of the mRNA as it leaves the nucleus and it helps the mRNA attach to the ribosome later on
what are snRNP's made of?
protiens and snRNA
True or False:
Eukaryotes have more regulation when it comes to expressing their genes
TRUE