Initiation
Elongation
Termination
Splicing
Genetic Coding/ Mold
100
RNA polymerase assembles nucleotides on what direction?
Exclusively the 5' to 3' direction
100
True or False: RNA polymerase needs a primer before adding nucleotides
False!
100
What is added to the 3' end of a pre-mRNA
a poly A tail
100
The noncoding sections of RNA that are taken out of the strand!
Introns!
100
What is the definition of transcription?
The copying a gene from DNA to mRNA (nucleic acids)
200
True or False: RNA polymerase needs a primer to start transcription
False
200
True or False: Only one RNA polymerase can transcribe a gene at a time
False! Many RNA polymerase can transcribe a gene at a given time!
200
At the 5' end what gets added to the pre-mRNA
a 5' cap!
200
What is the function of spliceosomes?
Spliceosomes serve to remove introns and join exons
200
Beadle and Tatum originally proposed what hypothesis?
One gene, One Enzyme
which was later revised to
a DNA sequence that is expressed to form a functional product: RNA or polypeptide
300
In eukaryotes the promoter DNA sequence is referred to as what?
A TATA box
300
True or False: RNA transcript is identical to the coding strand/ non-template strand of DNA
True!
300
Name one type of termination in bacteria?
1. Rho-Dependent Determination
2. Intrinsic Determination
300
Only _____ of a gene encode the actual protein!
Exons!
300
If you have the codons AUG - UUC - ACG what amino acids will you get?
Methionine (Start) - Phenylalanine - Threonine
400
In prokaryotes the promoter sequence is referred to as a what?
Pribnow Box (TATAAT)
400
If the template strand is TACTAGA what is the corresponding RNA strand?
AUGAUCU
400
True or False: In prokaryotes transcription and translation are rarely coupled
False! Frequently they occur at the same time
400
True or False: Alternatively spliced RNA leads to the same mature mRNA but comes from a different initial transcript
False! It has the same transcript but different mRNA depending on what gets treated as an intron or exon
400
What occurs if the reading frame for a series of nucleotides is off?
It begins coding for an entirely different set of aminoacids
500
The finished initiation product which includes RNA polymerase and it's binding to a promoter is referred to as what?
Transcription Initiation Complex
500
Using the RNA script of GUCAUGGCA what is the corresponding polypeptides?
Valine - Methionine/START - Alanine
500
The hairpin structure formed when RNA polymerase encounters a certain DNA sequence causes RNA polymerase to what?
Stall! When undergoing Rho-Dependent termination by having RNA polymerase stall the Rho can then help it detach
500
Give a reason for why alternative splicing may be useful despite it's supposed wastefulness?
Alternative splicing allows for one gene to code for multiple things regardless of the set amount of genes we have.
500
If you have five codons how many nucleotides do you have?
A codon is a set of 3 nucleotides so you would have 15 nucleotides