Enlightenment
John Locke wrote about natural rights. List them (3)
life, liberty and property
How was France divided (social classes) prior to the Revolution?
3 Three Estates
What did Monarchs claim to maintain their power/legitimacy?
divine right
kings chose them
The change from Monarchies to democracies changed the focus from the kings to whom?
the people
individuals
Who was King of France during the Revolution?
King Louis XVI
Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen
Name 3 causes of the French Revolution
inequality, unfair taxation, enlightenment ideas, bankrupt government, poor harvests
Explain why the Three Estates system was unfair
the top 3% of the population dominated the other 97%
Which enlightenment writer focused mainly on the economy?
Adam Smith
Historical documents about the French Revolution help historians to know...?
The goals
the events
the key players
What was Montesquieu focus in his work, "The Spirit of the Laws"?
Separation of powers
checks and balances
Who was the leader during the Reign of Terror?
Maximilien Robespierre
What is the term John Locke used to describe the people's role in democracy
Consent of the governed
derived from the people
democracy
The evolution of democracy in France occurred at the same time as parts of the Enlightenment. What is another term for the Age of Enlightenment?
Age of Reason
What was the slogan of the French Revolution?
Liberty, Equality, Fraternity"
What is the term used to describe monarchs who were "open" to Enlightenment ideas
Enlightened Despots.. Name 3 for double points!
How did Napoleon gain power in France?
Coup d'etat
military overthrow
Name 2 keys items that limited the power on the monarchs in England
Magna Carta, Glorious Revolution, Restoration, Petition of Right, Model Parliament...
Why was the Enlightenment considered a turning point in history?
Challenged the divine right
changed view/role of government
revolutions
Napoelon was not able to conquer England or Russia. What did Russia do/use to defeat the French
Scorched Earth
Russian Winter
Retreat... stretch supply lines
What is the main idea of Adam Smith's "Wealth of Nations"?
Laissez-faire economics
Napoleon made several monumental changes in France to provide stability. Name 2 areas...
Bank of France, Education System, Napoleonic Code...
Nationalism
Name 2 of the 3 main goals of the Congress of Vienna
Balance of Power, Legitimacy, Compensation
What does "laissez-faire" economics mean?
supply and demand
no government regulation of involvement in business
"hands off"
What empire controlled much of the world's trade prior to the rebirth of European power?
The Ottomans