Determinants of Health
What are the 4 determinants of health?
Define a "risk taking behaviour"
An action that increases the chance of negative outcomes such as injury or death
What is the legal BAC limit for L, P1, P2 and Full License drivers in NSW?
L, P1, P2: 0.00
Full License: <0.05
Who is legally responsible for the safety of everyone in the car while driving?
Which age group has the highest crash rate in Australia? (range of 9 years e.g. 1-9 years old)
17-25 year olds
Give an example of sociocultural factor that affects road safety
Peer pressure, family attitudes, cultural norms, media influence etc.
Name 1 protective factor for YOUNG passengers
Wearing a seatbelt, choosing safe drivers, refusing lifts from risky drivers, limiting distractions such as themselves, or technology
What is the penalty for not wearing a seatbelt as a driver? (closest $ and DP)
$410, 3 demerit points
Identify 2 possible consequences of deciding to drive while tired
Slower reaction times, microsleeping at the wheel, injuries, fines, harm to passengers etc.
True or False: Fatigue causes about 20-30% of fatal crashes.
True
How can socioeconomic status affect access to safe vehicles?
Lower income = older/unsafe cars (ANCAP), less or no insurance, less maintenance
Name 2 ways fatigue acts as a risk factor
Slower reaction time, reduce concentration, impairs judgement, asleep at the wheel
List 2 restrictions for P1 & P2 drivers
No mobile use (including Carplay), less demerit points, passenger limits past curfew, 0.00 BAC limit etc.
What are examples of peer pressure that can influence road decisions?
Others in the car suggesting things like speeding, not wearing seatbelts, running through red lights, illegal phone usage etc.
What is the most common type of crash/situation involving young drivers in Australia?
Single-vehicle crashes, often from a loss of control, speeding, or running off the road
Name 3 environmental factors that can increase likelihood of crashes
Poor road design, lighting, weather, traffic density, limited alternatives to transport etc.
Explain why wearing a seatbelt is a protective behaviour
Reduces injury severity, prevents ejection from vehicles and saves lives from crashes
What is the minimum fine and demerit penalty for using a mobile phone while driving on a full license in NSW? (closest $ and DP)
$387 & 5 demerit points
Describe a way you can express assertive communication to keep you safe as a passenger or driver
"I'm not getting into the car if you have been drinking", "Slow down and don't speed" etc.
Name 1 successful road safety campaign and what they were targetting
Plan B (alcohol and drunk driving), Every K counts (casual speeding), Don't trust your tired self (fatigued driving) etc.
Provide 1 complete example (sentence) of all 4 health determinants and how it increases the crash risk for a young driver
A young person (I) from a low-income background (SE) driving on a poorly lit road (SC) with friends encouraging speeding (SC).
Name 1 short term and 1 long term outcome of risky driving leading to accidents
Short: Demerit points lost or fines, immediate injuries
Long: physical and psychological trauma, loss of license, criminal record, financial impact
What is the maximum passenger restrictions for a NSW P1 driver under 25 for the 24 hours of the day? (Bonus 100 points for naming a passenger exemption to this rule)
Maximum 1 passenger between the hours of 11pm - 5am.
Bonus: family members, required by your employer, community service related, exemption approved by ServiceNSW
Which of these situations is most likely to result in a fatal crash for a young driver?
A. Driving while using a mobile phone
B. Driving with a BAC over 0.05
C. Driving while fatigued
B. Driving with a BAC over 0.05
In NSW, by approximately what % have fatalities involving young drivers decreased in the last 2 decades as a result of education and law reform?
40-50% decrease