Sweater Weather
What is the difference between air mass and steady state thunderstorms?
Air Mass: short lived, low severity, forming from warm moist air accompanying light winds, brief rain, occasional lightning
Steady State: associated with moving along with weather systems/ forming along cold fronts, long lasting, high severity, high winds, hail, tornadoes, intensifying over time
What 3 parties can declare an Emergency and what FAR states that?
Aircraft dispatcher
PIC
ATC
121.557
What does VV000 indicate when found on a TAF?
What is density altitude?
HIWC
High Ice Water Content
What is the definition of a ceiling?
The height above the earth's surface of the lowest layer of clouds or obscuring phenomena that is reported as BKN or OVC or Obscuration
A flight departs legally with an alternate. While enroute, the destination weather falls below approach minimums, and the alternate becomes unavailable.
According to 121.533, 121.601, and 121.631 what are the dispatcher's legal responsibilities at this point?
Can the flight continue legally?
FAR 121.613 prohibits dispatcher below minimums, but does not restrict a flight already en route.
The flight may continue towards the destination, but the PIC and dispatcher must closely monitor and plan for alternatives.
HOWEVER: SINCE THE ALTERNATE IS UNAVAILABLE THIS FLIGHT IS NO LONGER LEGAL UNTIL A NEW ALTERNATE IS FOUND.
If a new alternate cannot be found within fuel range, then the flight must divert.
KRDD 082253Z 04016G23KT 10SM SCT085 13/M09 A2982 RMK AO2 PK WND 36028/2209 SLP099 T01281094
Read aloud.
What is the peak wind?
360 at 28
What is pressure altitude?
Altitude above the standard datum plane
ACARS
ETOPS
Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System
Extended-Range Twin-Engine Operations
The METAR is reporting -RA but the TAF is indicating FZRA starting one hour before the ETA. The forecast ceiling and vis are above mins.
Can this flight be dispatched? What must the dispatcher and PIC do?
No, it cannot be dispatched. FZRA prediction indicates below minimums safe for landing as it is a hazard.
If the flight is already airborne, consider diversion and ensure de-icing capabilities at the destination.
A flight is enroute when the dispatcher notices that a new SIGMET has been issued for severe turbulence along the planned route of flight. The flight can still continue safely by deviating slightly off course, but no changes are made to the fuel load or destination.
Under 121.___ is the dispatcher required to amend the release?
121.631
Yes, the release must be amended.121.631 states that if the conditions under which the flight was released change significantly (wx, routing, etc.), the dispatcher must amend or re-release the flight. A SIGMET for sev turb constitutes significant change, even if no fuel or destination change is required.
MEM UA /OV OLV180003/TM 1714/FLDURC/TP C172/SK TOPS 030
Read aloud.
What is the reporting point in the PIREP?
3NM South of OLV
Describe pitch, roll, and Yaw.
Rotation around the front to back axis is called roll, Rotation around the side-to-side axis is called pitch, Rotation around the vertical axis is called yaw
LPV
SWAP
TCAS
Localizer Performance with Vertical Guidance
Severe Weather Avoidance Plan
Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System
Describe the three types of icing in aviation.
Light: small, supercooled water droplets that freeze on impact, forming a smooth, glossy surface. Less disruptive to airflow and easier to detect and remove.
Rime: formed by small supercooled droplets that freeze immediately on impact, creating a rough, opaque surface. It is more disruptive to airflow and can be harder to detect.
Mixed: A combination of both clear and rime ice, often with a rough opaque texture. It can accumulate rapidly and is dangerous due to its effects on airflow.
A flight is on final approach and wind shear is reported at the destination airport.
Using 121.601 and 121.613 what is the dispatcher's responsibility? Is this a no-go?
121.601 - dispatchers must provide flight crew with any significant weather information
121.613 - applies at dispatch (so not enroute)
The flight is still LEGAL to continue toward the destination since FARs do not prohibit. However, it is operationally unsafe. The dispatcher must immediately inform the crew. PIC has the ultimate authority to execute a missed approach, hold, or divert. Most Ops Specs make landing prohibited when wind shear is reported on the runway in use.
In eighths, how much of the sky is obscured by clouds when a METAR or TAF indicates SCT?
3/8 to 4/8
What are the four forces of flight?
Lift, Thrust, Weight, Drag
ADS-B
TFR
VASI
EGPWS
Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast
Temporary Flight Restrictions
Visual Approach Slope Indicator
Enhanced Ground Alert Proximity Warning System
How often is the Winds/Temperatures aloft chart issued?
4 times daily
14 CFR Part 71
14 CFR Part 63
14 CFR Part 61
14 CFR Part 135
14 CFR Part 139
71: Classification of Airspace
63: Certification of non-pilot flight crew
61: Certification of pilots
135: Commuter operations
139: Certification of airports
KRNO 090455Z 00000KT 10SM FEW042 BKN055 BKN080 OVC130 M01/M06 A2989 RMK AO2 SLP137 SH DSNT E T10111061 $
Decode the METAR.
What type of precipitation is noted, and where is it occuring?
Distant showers to the East
How does air move in a high-pressure system vs. A low-pressure system?
High Pressure - clockwise and down
Low Pressure - counterclockwise and Up
EWINS
EICAS
IDG
ASDE
RAIM
Enhanced Weather Information System
Engine Indicating and Crew Alerting System
Integrated Drive Generator
Airport Surface Detection Equipment
Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring