Civil War
What was the issue the US Supreme Court had to answer in the Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) Supreme Court Case?
Whether or not Dred Scott had the right to remain as a freedmen because he had escaped the South
What compromise admitted California to the Union as a free state, allowed the territories of Utah and New Mexico to decide for themselves whether to allow slavery?
Compromise of 1850
Define Emancipation
Fact or process of being set free from slavery
Describe the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
Required Northerners to return runaway slaves.
Describe the Kansas- Nebraska act
allowed the people living in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether to allow slavery, using the idea of popular sovereignty. This law effectively canceled the Missouri Compromise, which had previously banned slavery north of the 36°30′ line.
What compromise admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a non-slave and outlawed slavery above the 36º 30' latitude line in the remainder of the Louisiana Territory?
Missouri Compromise, 1820
What is important to know about John Brown's beliefs?
He was an abolitionist
Define Secede
To withdraw / to remove from
What were some slave states? What were some free states?
How did the North and South react to John Brown's raid?
The South's Reaction: Southerners were terrified, viewing the raid as proof that the North was actively plotting to incite a slave rebellion that threatened their lives and entire way of life. It convinced many that secession was necessary for survival.
The North's Reaction: While few Northerners supported the violence itself, many viewed Brown as a hero for a righteous cause. Writers like Henry David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson elevated him to a heroic figure, further polarizing public opinion.
What was the decision made in the Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) Supreme Court Case?
That Dred Scott was property, not a citizen. Therefore, he had not right to a fair trial. Also, that it was unconstitutional for states to ban slavery.
Who was Frederick Douglass?
Born a slave in Md., Douglass escaped in 1838, Published the North Star, 1845, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, famous abolionist
Define Federal
Central government of the United States - three branches (including executive, legislative, judicial)
Where did John Brown get caught during his revolt?
Harper's Ferry
Describe enslavement... give details
lavery was a systematic institution rooted in economic
Needs.
Enslaved people endured harsh daily conditions and exploitation.
Resistance included revolts and the abolition movements that followed.
Enslaved individuals faced grueling daily routines on plantations Long hours of labor under harsh conditions. Families were often separated, and their lives were heavily controlled by slaveholders. Despite the oppressive environment, communities formed, nurturing a rich culture through music, storytelling, and spiritual practices that provided resilience and hope.
Give me 4 examples of regional sectionalism between the North and South
Industry, factories, trade, small farms, Wage labor, growing immigrant workforce, Many opposed expansion of slavery, More urban, growing cities, diverse population, Supported tariffs and strong federal government- NORTH
Agriculture, large plantations, cotton, Enslaved labor was central to economy, Strongly supported and defended slavery, Mostly rural, few large cities, Supported states’ rights and low tariffs- SOUTH
Why did the North and South want equal freed and slave states??
balance political power in the U.S. Senate, preventing either the pro-slavery South or the anti-slavery North from dominating Congress and potentially passing laws harmful to their interests
Define Sectionalism
Different lifestyles, social structures, customs, and political values of the North, and South
What was John Brown's goal?
Brown had hopes that the local slave population would join the raid and through the raid’s success weapons would be supplied to slaves and freedom fighters throughout the country.
Sectionalism led to the Civil War by creating deep political, economic, and social divisions between the industrial North and the agricultural South, primarily over the issue of slavery and states' rights.
Who were the 4 candidates running for election during the election of 1860?
Abraham Lincoln, (Republican Party)
Stephen A. Douglas (Northern Democratic Party)
John C. Breckinridge (Southern Democratic Party)
John Bell (Constitutional Union Party)
Why was Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel, Uncle Tom's Cabin, important?
Harriet's novel demonstrated the evils of slavery, which made Northerner's more passionate against slavery, while angering Southerners, as they believe the novel exaggerated how bad slavery was.
Define Popular Sovereignty
People rule / People vote
Describe Bleeding Kansas.
After the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 stated that peoples' votes in the territory would determine whether or not the states would be free or slave states, abolitionists and pro-slavery people clashed and over 200 people were killed.
What was Uncle Tom’s Cabin written in response to?
Fugitive Slave Act of 1850,