Phase 1: Presidential Reconstruction (1865-1866)
🟢What did the 13th amendment accomplish?
What is abolishing slavery in the United States?
🟢 What did the Civil Rights Act of 1866 do?
Granted citizenship and equal protection to African Americans
🟢 What did the 15th amendment do?
Stated right to vote could not be denied based on race, color, or previous conditions of servitude.
🔴 What is the KKK?
The Ku Klux Klan is a white supremacist terrorist organization that used violence and terror against African Americans from voting or gaining political power
🔴 What was a poll tax used for?
Required voters to pay a fee to vote, which prevented many poor African Americans (and poor whites) from voting.
🟢What organization helped freedmen adjust to freedom through education, food, and housing?
What is Freedmen's Bureau?
🟢 What amendment guranteed citizenship to all people born on U.S soil?
The 14th amendment
🟢 What did new state consititutions in the South aim to do?
Expanded rights for African Americans - including public, education, voting rights and legal equality.
🟢 Which act protected African Americans from voter intimidation and KKK violence?
What is the Enforcement Acts?
🔴 What were literacy tests designed to?
Forced people to prove they could read and write before voting.
🟠Why did President Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction plan anger Radical Republicans?
What is lenience on the South by pardoning confederate leaders?
🟡 What act divided the South into 5 millitary districts?
The Millitary Reconstruction Act
🟢 Why were African American office holders significant?
They represented political progress
🟠What did the Amnesty Act of 1872 do?
Restored voting rights to former Confederates, shfiting political power in the south back to white Democrats that opposed Reconstruction
🔴 Jim crow laws did what?
Enforce racial segregation on the state and local level in public places such as schools, transportation, and restaurants.
🔴 Laws passed in the South that targeted African American's rights
What are black codes?
🟡 Why was President Johnson impeached in 1868?
He opposed Radical Reconstruction and violated the Tenure of Office Act
🔴 Why was the Compromise of 1877 detrimental to African Americans?
Ended Reconstruction by pulling federal troops out of the south, allowed southern states to govern themselves again.
🔴 Plessy v. Ferguson ruling
SCOTUS upheld racial segregation as legal under the doctrine of "seperate but equal"
🔴What was the economic system that often trapped freedmen in debt?
What is sharecropping?
🧠Did African American's gain full citizenship during Reconstruction?
No, they did not gain full citizenship as most gains were reversed by segregation and discrimination.