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100

A journalist and politician in Boston, organized protests against the Sugar Act, which was repealed in 1766.

Samuel Adams

100

Cousin of Sam Adams, defended the soldiers on trial stating that they used self-defense and were to be found innocent. Sam Adams and others used this incident as a way to win public support against the British

John Adams

100

Helped by shipping supplies to the Americans. He commanded Spanish troops against the British in Louisiana and protected the city of New Orleans from the British attacks; later, he defeated British troops in Florida.

Hernardo de Galvez

100

To stop protests and unrest, the British sent 4000 soldiers to the colonies, equal to 1/4th of the population in Boston. They were resented by colonists immediately. They also were poorly paid so they had to get second jobs. In doing so, they took jobs needed by colonists. In 1770, boiling points reached its peak when soldiers shot and killed several protesters that were throwing snowballs at the soldiers. 

Boston Massacre

100
  • Washington and his army spent the winter in Pennsylvania. He faced problems that included feeding his army, and threats to his leadership by his officers. Long marches destroyed the soldiers’ shoes, and warm blankets were scarce. There were desertions, and many suffered from diseases such as typhus, typhoid, and pneumonia.

The Winter of 1777-78 at Valley Forge

200

Enlightenment writer wrote that the government was a “social contract.” He said the purpose of government was to protect individual freedom and property. If they failed to do so, Locke argued that citizens had the right to overthrow them

 John Locke

200

With her husband off fighting, Mercy wrote the first history of the American Revolution that included notes from meeting and conversations. Her ideas and writings convinced many people in the colonies to take up the patriot cause

Mercy Otis Warren

200

A successful Jewish merchant and banker that came from Poland. He helped finance Washington’s political campaign, gave interest-free private loans the government, as well as to key revolutionary leaders

Haym Solomon

200

Accused officials could be tried in Britain instead of the colonies. The British government declared the right to “quarter,” or house British soldiers in unoccupied buildings in the colonies.

"Quartering Act"

200

In response to colonial protests, the British again canceled all of the new taxes except the duty on tea. In December of 1773, a group of colonists dressed up as Mohawk Indians, boarded three British ships in the Boston Harbor and seized 45 tons of tea. They protested the tax on tea by dumping it into the Boston Harbor.

Boston Tea Party

300

Enlightenment writer stated that the rights of individuals in English law could not be violated, even by the king

William Blackstone

300

Commander General John Burgoyne, was defeated at Saratoga in 1777 by

General Horatio Gates.

300

An African-American slave who acted as a spy. General Lafayette allow him to pose as an escaped slave so he could travel freely between both armies. He acted as a guide for the British, then sent back what he learned to Lafayette

James Armistead

300

These acts put special taxes on goods used in the colonies, including glass and lead, but did so without the consent of the colonists so many protested once again.

Townshend Act

300

Committee formed in 1772 by Sam Adams with James Warren and his wife, Mercy Otis Warren

Committee of correspondence

400

In Virginia this man denounced the Stamp act, and the House of Burgesses passed resolutions against it.

Patrick Henry

400

He is considered the first African American elected to public office in America.

Wentworth Cheswell

400

America’s first naval hero. He faced a much larger British warship with more firepower

John Paul Jones

400

Closed the Boston Harbor until the people of Boston paid for the tea they dumped. They also restricted freedom of those in Massachusetts by eliminating the elected government council.

Intolerable Acts

400

The Declaration of Independence went on to list grievances of the colonists against King George III

  • King imposed taxes on the colonists without their consent
  • He made the military superior to the civil government
  • Refused to answer colonial petitions for the repeal of any grievances
  • He asked citizens to give up their rights to representation
  • Quartered large numbers of soldiers among the colonists
  • Deprived the colonists of trial by jury
  • Dissolved the colonists’ representative assemblies
  • Protected his soldiers against trial for murders of colonists
  • Waged war against the colonists
500

A man of mixed African and Native American ancestry, was the first colonist to die

Crispus Attucks

500

Foreign volunteers from France, helped train the soldiers of the Continental Army

Baron von Steuben from Germany and the Marquis de Lafayette

500

During the battle, when he was asked to surrender, he replied “I’ve not yet begun to fight!”

John Paul Jones

500

This act guaranteed the rights of the French in Canada to follow the Catholic religion. It also gave them the Ohio territory and strengthened the power of royal officials

The Quebec Act

500

This battle marked a turning point in the war. It helped Ben Franklin and Thomas Jefferson persuade the French government to supply military assistance to the Americans

Battle of Saratoga