US History 1
Who became the President after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln?
Andrew Johnson
Who won the election of 1856?
James Buchanan - Democratic Party
Who won the election of 1852? What was their party?
Franklin Pierce - Democratic Party
Who won the Election of 1860? What was their political party?
Abraham Lincoln - Republican Party
Who won the election of 1864? What was their political party?
Abraham Lincoln - Republican Party
What was the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850?
The law made it easier to track down and capture runaway (fugitive) slaves who escaped to the North and return them to their Southern owners
This Political party was created by members of the Free Soil, Whig, and Democratic Parties who joined together after being upset with the Kansas-Nebraska Act. They opposed the expansion of slavery into those territories.
The Republican Party
What was Bleeding Kansas?
As a direct consequence of the Kansas Nebraska Act, fighting broke out between pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups. 1855-1861
Please describe the facts of the Sumner/Brooks Incident of 1856?
Massachusetts Senator Charles Sumner insulted and mocked South Carolina Senator Butler in his speech “Crime Against Kansas.”
Butler’s relative, Representative Preston Brooks, defended Butler’s honor by walking into the Senate chamber and beating Senator Sumner with a cane.
Both Sumner and Brooks became heroes in their Regions. MA refused to seat a senator while Sumner recovered. People all over the South mailed Brooks new canes.
Sumner served another 18 years in the Senate. Brooks resigned from Congress that year and passed away shortly after from an illness.
What was the first state to secede from the Union? How many did in total?
South Carolina
11
Who was the president of the Confederate States of America?
Jefferson Davis
Alexander Stephens - VP
What was John Brown's Raid of Harper's Ferry?
John Brown, his sons, and former slaves attacked the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry. Brown wanted to use the arsenal’s weapons to arm Virginia slaves to revolt against their owners.
Federal troops defeated the revolt. Captured raiders including John Brown were put on trial and executed by hanging.
What were the Lincoln-Douglas debates of 1858? What was the election taking place and what was the significance of the debates?
Lincoln and Douglas were both vying for the U.S. Senate seat from Illinois. They agreed to debate each other seven times.
The issue of slavery was the main theme in the debates. Douglas won the election, but Lincoln gained national attention and the 1860 presidential nomination of the Republican Party.
What was the Emancipation Proclamation?
The Emancipation Proclamation was an executive order issued by Abraham Lincoln
He announced the proclamation in September 1862 and gave the Confederate states over 3 months to cease their rebellion and return to the Union as slaveholding states
The Confederate states refused and the Emancipation Proclamation went into effect on January 1, 1863
It proclaimed that slaves in the rebelling states (NOT the Border States) were free
Since Great Britain was strongly against slavery, the proclamation made it even more difficult for the British to offer support to the Confederacy
About 25% of the South’s slave population walked away from slavery and towards the protection of the Union army
4 am on April 12, 1861, South Carolina fired upon ____________ and the Civil War began
Ft. Sumter
What was a "border state" as it relates to the Civil War? What were the border states?
Maryland, Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware, and in 1863, West Virginia
Explain the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the US Constitution.
13th - Abolition of slavery
14 - granted citizenship and equal civil and legal rights to anyone born in the United States or who became a citizen of the country.
15th - Guaranteed the right to vote for any citizen regardless of race
Please name two leaders of the Union Army and two leaders of the Confederate Army.
Union: Grant, Sherman, McClellan, Ambrose, Meade, Winfield Scott, etc.
Confederate: Lee, Stonewall Jackson, Johnston, Beauregard, etc.
What was the first conflict between ground forces in the Civil War? What was its outcome?
1st Battle of Bull Run (Massass, VA) 1861
Picnics. Stonewall Jackson earned his nickname. Confederate won. Made the statement that this wouldn't be a short war.
What were the terms of surrender for the Confederacy that were accepted?
Soldiers would not be imprisoned or prosecuted for treason
Officers could keep their pistols and swords
Soldiers could take home their horses and mules
Lee was given food rations to distribute to his starving army
What was the Compromise of 1850? Who introduced the plan?
Henry Clay
California admitted as a free state
No federal slave restrictions in the Utah or New Mexico territories
Owning slaves in Washington, D.C. was still legal
Buying and selling of slaves in Washington, D.C. was prohibited
Texas loses boundary dispute with New Mexico
Federal government gave Texas $10 million
A tougher fugitive slave law
What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act? Who introduced it?
Stephen Douglas - Democrat Senator Illinois
Southern support for a northern transcontinental railroad
Popular Sovereignty would be used to decide if slavery would be allowed in the Kansas and Nebraska territories.
(The Missouri Compromise had previously forbidden slavery in these territories)
What are the facts and outcome of the Dred Scott Case (Dred Scott v. Sandford)?
Scott was a slave in Missouri. His owner took him into Wisconsin, a free state, before returning to Missouri. Scott sued saying he should be free.
Supreme Court Decision:
Scott was not a U.S. citizen. Therefore, he could not sue.
Slaves were property so the federal government could not exclude slavery from any territory.
The Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional.
What were some of the differences as it related to the ability to wage war between the North and South?
Most of the US's industry and skilled workers were in the North. Extenside railroad system. They could produce all the supplies and weapons for war.
South had half the populations (9 million - 3.5 million were slaves). Relied on imports from outside countries instead of industry. They had an inadequate railroad system and very few merchant ships.
What was the Battle of Gettysburg?
Lee took his army north was surprised at Gettysburg, PA. Union victory and Lee retreated.
3 Day battle through the streets of Gettysburg and the surrounding areas outside of the town.
Over 50,000 total casualties
Significance - Lee would never again go on the offensive.
Pickett's Charge.