Fundamental Principles of PFA
Changing pulse trains modifies this factor:
What is "heat generation"?
Varipulse's shorter electrode distance results in a more _______ energy delivery system
What is "focused"?
Varipulse delivers energy to what electrode pairs to enhance lesion depth, compensate for poor contact, and reduce overall energy required
What are "adjacent and alternating"?
All PFA ablation devices on the market note an increase of this when in contact with tissue
What is "impedance"?
This type of contact ensures the most effective energy delivery and lesion formation
What is "optimal contact"?
This catheter design factor may change lesion size and shape and differs from one device to another
What is "electrode spacing"?
This approach requires higher voltage because the distance between electrodes is much larger
What is "broad energy delivery"?
The number of times the application is repeated to ensure redundancy for the Varipulse Catheter
What is "three times"?
This effect of irrigation pushes blood away from the electrode surface, reducing hemolysis risk at the hottest point of the electrode
What is "blood displacement"?
What is "hemolysis"?
This waveform parameter must be optimized to minimize thermal risk during pulsed field ablation
What is: delay between pulses?
Each application of PFA moves the lesion moves the lesion from ______ to irreversible damage
What is "reversible"?
What is "durable isolation lines"?
Based on Dr. Reddy's publication from 2024, an _______ in hemolysis was noted when the PFA catheter lacked contact with tissue
What is an "increase"?
DAILY DOUBLE!!!!!
This is type of lesion that is formed when the Farawave catheter is in optimal contact with cardiac tissue
What is a "predictable lesion"?
Electroporation threshold for red blood cells
What is "1600 V/cm"?
These two factors are critical for achieving depth with a broad energy system
What is "number of applications and catheter orientation"?
This safety measure helps to mitigate heat accumulation during ablation
What is "effective irrigation" or "30 ml"?
What is "Ohm's Law"?
This occurs when one of more electrodes of the Farawave Catheter are exposed to the blood pool
The esophagus is protected from the effects of PFA because of this
What is "distance"?
Pulsed Field Ablation (PFA) produces lesions through this mechanism rather than thermal effects
What is "irreversible electroporation"?
The Varipulse catheter's irrigation ports were placed strategically to mitigate this
What is "edge heating"?
Because each PFA device is designed differently, this is not interchangeable between them
What is "PFA Workflows"?
This unique feature of the Farawave catheter explains why only 5 electrodes are seen on Carto
What is "3 electrodes on a pentaspline function as 1 electrode due to design"?