Minerals
What are the 4 parts of the mineral definition?
Solid, Naturally Occurring, Definite Chemical Composition, Definite Crystalline Structure
How are igneous rocks formed?
From the solidification of a melt.
How are igneous compositions classified?
By their Si-content
What does physical weathering produce?
Clasts
True or False: Slate is the finest-grained foliated metamorphic rock.
True
What does euhedral refer to?
A perfectly shaped crystal.
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
Through lithification of sediment.
What does a phaneritic texture indicate?
A slow cooling history.
What 2 sedimentary rocks can be classified as both chemical and biochemical depending on the environment of formation?
Chert and limestone
Metamorphism involved with large scale mountain-building is referred to as ______________.
regional metamorphism.
What physical property is used to distinguish pyroxenes (such as augite) from amphiboles (such as hornblende)?
Cleavage
What are three ways sediment is formed?
Loose materials break off of pre-existing rock and break down into smaller pieces
Mineral crystals chemically precipitate out of solutions
When organisms die, shells and shell fragments accumulate on the seafloor
Which term best describes a crystallized magma chamber?
Pluton
What 3 properties are used to determine how near or far from the source rock clastic sediment was deposited?
Grain size, angularity/sphericity, and sorting
Phase change refers to _________________.
A transformation of one mineral into another with the same composition but different crystalline structure
What mineral class do all of the major rock-forming minerals belong to?
Silicates
How are metamorphic rocks formed?
From burial, heat, and pressure applied to pre-existing rock material
What does a porphyritic texture indicate?
A complex, dual cooling history.
What are the 4 processes involved in chemical weathering?
Dissolution, Hydrolysis, Oxidation, Hydration
Shale metamorphosing into slate, with conditions right to preserve clay minerals, is a good example of ____________.*HINT: It is a metamorphic process.
Plastic Deformation
How are minerals classified?
They are grouped by their negative principle ion.
Draw out the rock cycle, including labels for all 3 rock types and associated processes.
Instructor Decides
According to Bowen’s Reaction Series, which two minerals would never be found together in an igneous rock?
Quartz and Olivine
What depositional environment has the ability to deposit gravel, sand, silt, and mud due to its changing energy?
A river
Garnet porphyroblasts are a product of _____________ when shale and/or slate is metamorphosed into schist.
neocrystallization