Rock Cycle
the process by which wind, water, ice (the water cycle)and gravity transports sediment or other material to a new location
erosion
type of igneous rock formed inside the Earth
intrusive igneous rock
two things that cause metamorphic rock to form
heat and pressure
When sediments go under compacting and cementing processes they become___________
sedimentary rocks.
what can be found mainly in sedimentary rock?
fossils
the process in which sediment or other material is laid down
deposition
type of igneous rock formed outside of the Earth's surface
extrusive igneous rock
metamorphic rocks can be made from ____________, _______________, or _______________________ rocks.
sedimentary, metamorphic or igneous.
process by which the weight of overlying rock presses sediment together into a rock
compaction
trace remains of ancient life preserved in rock
fossils
naturally occurring solid mixture made of one or more minerals that makes up earths crust
rock
Describe the difference between magma and lava.
Magma is found inside the Earth, while lava is found at or near the Earth's surface. Both are liquid or molten rock.
The lines/layers of a metamorphic rock look different than the lines of a sedimentary rock because...
Lines are formed due to compression are thin and horizontal. Lines in metamorphic rock can be wavy.
process by which minerals like quartz or calcite crystallize out of solution after the water is squeezed out by pressure thus "gluing" together the nearby sediments
cementation
the grand canyon is made of mostly this rock
sedimentary
the continual series of geological processes in which a rock is created, changed, destroyed, and constructed again
rock cycle
__________ igneous rocks have larger crystals than the other kind of igneous rocks.
Intrusive
These two processes must occur to make metamorphic rock.
Heat and pressure
what is the most common sedimentary rock on earth
sandstone
This process breaks down rocks into smaller pieces?
weathering
the process in which the water cycle and heat break rock into sediment
weathering
This type of igneous rock texture can have holes due to gas bubbles getting trapped when the lava cools
Extrusive
Name an example of metamorphic rock
marble, quartzite, gneiss, schist
The processes that turn sedimentary rocks into sediments
Weathering and erosion
the water cycle causes this
weathering and erosion
Name a rock that would show an area had volcanic activity in the past.
igneous
this rock is usually called black glass, but it can be blue or red
obsidian
Extreme heat and melting
Name a type (example) of sedimentary rock?
sandstone, limestone, or shale
The study of rocks, their history and the processes that form and change them is called?
Geology
too much heat on any rock will make this
magma
this is the most common type of igneous rock Hint: It is found under the oceans.
basalt
what is the most common type of metamorphic rock
quartzite
Where do sedimentary rocks typically form? Near what natural feature?
Water
what the Greek words for "meta" and "morphos" mean
"changed" and "shape"