Minerals and Crystals
A naturally occurring solid with a definite chemical composition and orderly structure.
what is a Mineral
Igneous rocks form when this cools and solidifies.
What is magma or lava?
Small pieces of rock formed by weathering.
What is sediment?
Metamorphic rocks form from changes in this and pressure.
What is temperature?
The continuous process that changes rocks from one type to another.
What is the rock cycle?
The repeating pattern of atoms that makes up a mineral.
What is a crystal Structure?
Igneous rock that forms on Earth’s surface.
What is extrusive igneous rock?
The process that presses sediment together.
What is compaction?
The process by which rock changes due to heat and pressure without melting.
What is metamorphism?
Energy from the Sun and Earth’s interior drives this movement of Earth materials.
What is the cycling of matter?
Two conditions inside Earth that can cause new minerals to form without melting.
What are heat and pressure?
Why do intrusive igneous rocks usually have large crystals?
Because they cool slowly underground.
The process where minerals glue sediment together.
What is cementation?
Metamorphic rock known for light and dark bands.
What is gneiss?
Why does the rock cycle take so long?
Because geological processes occur over millions of years.
Why do some crystals grow larger than others?
Because they have more time to grow by slow cooling or evaporation.
This igneous rock cools so fast that it has no crystals at all.
What is obsidian?
Name two processes that create sediment.
What are weathering and erosion?
True or False: Metamorphic rocks melt to form.
False.
According to the law of conservation of matter, matter is never destroyed
What is changed or recycled?
Minerals can form from cooling magma, changing pressure, or when water does this.
What is evaporation
Igneous rock that forms below Earth’s surface.
What is intrusive igneous rock?
Why do sedimentary rocks often have visible layers?
Because sediment is deposited over time in layers.
Name two types of parent rock that can become metamorphic rock.
What are igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic
Explain how a rock could go from igneous → sedimentary → metamorphic.
Cooling → weathering/erosion → compaction/cementation → heat and pressure