NOS
Earth's Layers
Plate Tectonics
Plate Tectonics 2
Rock Cycle
100
A class is learning about how volcanoes erupt. The teacher wants to use a scientific model of a volcanic eruption using a reaction between baking soda and vinegar.
Which of the following assess the most important limitation of the model being used?
A. The model does not accurately show how an actual volcanic eruption occurs.
B. The model runs out of material, so it erupts too quickly.
C. The model is not the same size as a real volcano.
D. The model is safer to use than visiting a volcano.
A. The model does not accurately show how an actual volcanic eruption occurs.
100
Which of the following list the layers of the earth from inner to outer?
A. Crust, outer core, inner core, mantle
B. Outer core, crust, mantle, inner core
C. Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
D. Inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
C. Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
100
What type of boundary exists when two plates slide past each other?
A. Convergent
B. Divergent
C. Subduction
D. Transform
D. Transform
100
What kind of rock forms around a volcano?
A. Igneous
B. Metamorphic
C. Sedimentary
A. Igneous
100
What kind of rock forms from intense heat and pressure?
A. Igneous
B. Metamorphic
C. Sedimentary
B. Metamorphic
200
A model can represent an object, system, or process. Why do all models have limitations?
A. because all models are two-dimensional
B. because a model includes every factor that affects it
C. because a model is smaller than the thing it represents
D. because a model is never exactly the same as the thing it represents
D. because a model is never exactly the same as the thing it represents
200
Which of the following is the densest of Earth's layers?
A. Outer core
B. Inner core
C. Crust
B. Inner core
200
A mountain range will form where
A. convergent continental plates meet
B. convergent continental and oceanic plates meet and oceanic subducts
C. divergent continental plates move apart
D. A transform continental plates slide past one another
A. convergent continental plates meet
200
According to the theory of plate tectonics, what causes the earth's tectonic plates to move?
A. They are pulled in different directions due to the earth's changing magnetic field.
B. They float upon the fluid mantle and move due to gravity, convection currents, and pressure.
C. They shift due to eruptions of molten rock that occur within the earth's core.
D. They shift and settle when gravitational changes occur due to the earth's revolution around the sun.
B. They float upon the fluid mantle and move due to gravity, convection currents, and pressure.
200
How does igneous rock form from metamorphic rock?
A. Intense heat and pressure
B. Melting and cooling
D. Weathering and erosion
B. Melting and cooling
300
Scientists create both scientific theories and scientific laws as they make observations and conduct experiments about the natural world. Which of the following statements most accurately compares the difference between scientific theories and scientific laws?
A. Scientific laws are based on evidence, while scientific theories are not.
B. Scientific theories involve only biology, while laws involve all types of science.
C. Scientific theories involve mathematical equations, while scientific laws are based on observations.
D. Scientific theories are ideas that explain natural events, while scientific laws more describe natural events.
D. Scientific theories are ideas that explain natural events, while scientific laws more describe natural events.
300
Which description matches the asthenosphere?
A. The rocky outer topmost layer of the Earth
B. The plastic top layer of the Earth's mantle
C. The liquid inner layer of the Earth
B. The plastic top layer of the Earth's mantle
300
Which of the following statement(s) is false about divergent boundaries?
A. Divergent boundaries occur where two plates move away from each other.
B. Mid-ocean ridges form at convergent boundaries deep in the ocean.
C. Seafloor spreading is the creation of new ocean floor when molten rock moves into the opening at a divergent boundary.
D. The northern part of the mid-atlantic ridge is caused by the moving apart from the north american and eurasian plates.
B. Mid-ocean ridges form at convergent boundaries deep in the ocean.
300
__________________ is the scientific theory explaining that the lithosphere is divided into moving slabs. It also explains Earth's processes, such as volcanic activity and earthquakes.
A. The Hypothesis of Continental drift
B. The Theory of Plate Tectonics
C. The Theory of Moving Slabs
D. The Theory of Drifting Plates
B. The Theory of Plate Tectonics
300
To demonstrate how sedimentary rock can be formed, Caine shaved tiny pieces of colored wax off of a blue crayon and a red crayon. He placed the shavings on a piece of aluminum foil, folded the foil, and pressed hard on the shavings until they began to stick together. What processes did he model in his demonstration?
A. sedimentation and crystallization
B. weathering and sedimentation
C. deformation and weathering
D. melting and crystallization
B. weathering and sedimentation
400
Geologists study what the Earth is made of, how it was formed, and how it continues to change.
What is one method a geologist might use to study how the Earth continues to change?
A. study changes in organism populations in the fossil record
B. make a map of earthquake locations and look for patterns
C. observe changing jet stream patterns and the effect on weather systems
D. compare high tide and low tide levels on different continents
B. make a map of earthquake locations and look for patterns
400
True or false:
The inner core is less dense and thinner than the mantle
False
400
How do volcanoes form?
A. Divergent boundaries form mountains and subduction allows magma to come up to the surface
B. Convergent boundaries form mountains and subduction allows magma to come up to the surface
C. Transform boundaries form mountains and subduction allows magma to come up to the surface
B. Convergent boundaries form mountains and subduction allows magma to come up to the surface
400
Which of the following would most likely result if two continental plates were to slide past one another?
A. a subduction zone
B. a volcanic island chain
C. an earthquake
D. a mountain range
C. an earthquake
400
What processes occur at 6 to turn sedimentary rock into igneous rock?
A. Sedimentary rock is pushed underground where it melts and then cools to become igneous rock
B. Sedimentary rock undergoes intense heat and pressure to become igneous rock
C. Sedimentary rock is compacted and cemented into igneous rock
A. Sedimentary rock is pushed underground where it melts and then cools to become igneous rock
500
Anton is a geologist.
He wants to get the best possible information about lava flows from eruptions that are happening at some specific locations around the world.
He wants to be able to vary what he studies based on his initial findings.
Which type of investigation should Anton conduct?
A. field study
B. survey
C. library research
D. a laboratory investigation
A. field study
500
Which layer of the Earth is considered molten, where convection occurs?
A. The outer core
B. The inner core
C. The mantle
C. The mantle
500
Which formation can result when two continental (lithospheric) plates collide and neither one is pushed down into the mantle?
A. a volcano
B. an ocean rift
C. a mountain range
D. an oceanic trench
C. a mountain range
500
Which of the following could cause the formation of volcanoes?
1. an oceanic and continental plate colliding
2. two oceanic plates colliding
3. two continental plates colliding
A. 3 only
C. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 2 only
D. 1 only
C. 1 and 2 only
500
Which statement best describes how Earth cycles its materials to form different types of rock?
A. Metamorphic rock is formed when magma crystallizes and cools.
B. Igneous rock is formed when sediments are compacted and cemented together.
C. Both igneous and sedimentary rock can become metamorphic rock when they are exposed to heat and pressure.
D. The processes that form sedimentary rock are weathering, erosion, deposition, and melting.
C. Both igneous and sedimentary rock can become metamorphic rock when they are exposed to heat and pressure.