Rock Formation
What are the three basic types of Rocks?
1. Igneous
2. Sedimentary3
3. Metamorphic
What are the cause of rocks being exposed at Earth's surface?
Erosion and uplift
the breakdown of rock
What process took place to create Mount Everest?
Uplift
How are igneous rocks formed?
When magma or lava (liquid rock) cools and solidifies
What process is necessary for the formation of igneous rocks?
Solidification
Define "Sediment"
Broken rock, plant material, and shells
On a trip to the beach you see a sign that says "Keep Off Dunes." Your home human tells you that walking or digging on the dunes make them vulnerable to erosion. What other human activity would contribute to erosion of the sand dunes?
A. Building new dunes where none exist
B. Adding sand from the ocean to the dunes
C. Destroying the beach grass on the dunes
C. Destroying the beach grass on the dunes
(the grass keeps the sand in place and prevents erosion so without the grass the sand would erode much faster)
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
When sediment gets cemented together to form a new rock
As a glacier moves along the ground, it transports rocks. These rocks pass over the ground and create scratches in the bedrock. What is happening?
A. The transport of rocks and scratching of the bedrock are both examples of erosion
B. The transport of rocks is an example of erosion, and the scratching of the bedrock is an example of weathering
C. The transport of rocks and scratching of the bedrock are both examples of weathering
B. The transport of rocks is an example of erosion, and the scratching of the bedrock is an example of weathering
Define deposition
The depositing of materials at a location
You find a rock that contains large, light-colored mineral crystals. The rock shows no signs of being altered by heat or pressure. What can you infer about the rock?
A. The rock was formed below the surface
B. The rock underwent metamorphism
C. The rock was formed near Earth's surface
C. The rock was formed near Earth's surface
(rocks that cool quickly and crystallize at the surface contain light colored minerals)
How are metamorphic rocks formed?
Substantial heat and/or pressure causes a chemical reaction that creates new minerals from old minerals
1. Divergent
2. Convergent
3. Transform
Define "Erosion"
The carrying away of sediment
A geologist investigates why certain areas of a large city are damaged by an earthquake and other areas are not damaged at all. What is the best method for the geologist to find a scientific explanation for the varying levels of damage?
A. Take core samples from each area and analyze the composition
B. Review local newspaper
C. Conduct a survey of residents in each area
A. Take core samples from each area and analyze the composition
(samples will show variations in local soil conditions that could contribute to varying levels of damage)
How can igneous rock become metamorphic rock?
When igneous rock is created under the surface it can be subjected to tremendous pressure and heat which can cause a chemical reaction, changing the composition of the rock into a metamorphic rock
Erosion takes place naturally, but it can be accelerated by human activity. Which of these human activities LEAST contributes to land erosion?
A. Overgrazing
B. Fertilizing a Lawn
C. Deforestation
D. Urbanization
B. Fertilizing a lawn
Define "Uplift"
When two plates of equal density collide, uplift occurs creating mountains
You made a model of a water molecule. The balls of clay represent atoms and the toothpicks represent bonds. Why is a model an effective way to understand the structure of water?
A. Water molecules are too small to be easily seen
B. The structure of water is unknown
C. Water is too complex to be easily understoond
A. Water molecules are too small to be easily seen