The process where sediments are compacted and cemented
lithification
100
The process by which weathered rock and soil particles are moved from one place to another is called:
a. deposition
b. weathering
c. erosion
d. sedimentation
c. erosion
100
Metamorphic rocks with mineral crystals arranged in parallel layers, or bands, are:
a. clastic
b. intrusive
c. porphyritic
d. foliated
d. foliated
100
Landslides and mudslides are erosion caused by:
a. gravity
b. wind
c. glaciers
d. running water
a. Gravity
200
True or False:
All rocks can become any other type of rock.
True
200
True or False: Rocks become liquid during metamorphism.
False. Rocks remain solid during metamorphism but heat and pressure make them flexible enough to go through changes.
200
How do glaciers cause erosion?
As a glacier moves, it carries with it rock materials (glacial debris). The load it carries wears down the land surface by grinding and polishing the rock it passes over. It scrapes away soil and carves grooves into rocks. Glaciers can carve out large valleys through mountains.
200
A geologist found rocks with fossils in them. What type of rock did he/she most likely find?
Sedimentary (organic)
200
This is the most active type of erosion in deserts, plowed fields, and on beaches:
a. gravity
b. wind
c. running water
d. glaciers
b. wind
300
How are igneous rocks formed?
Magma cools and crystalizes
300
How does a rock become a metamorphic rock?
Heat pressure, or chemical changes
300
What is till?
Rocks and soil deposited by glaciers (can vary in size from boulders to very fine clay particles).
300
Sedimentary rocks made of fragments of previously existing rocks are called:
a. clastic
b. foliated
c. shale
d. organic
a. clastic
300
Which is an example of mechanical weathering?
a. oxidation
b. ice wedging
c. condensation
d. deposition
b. ice wedging
400
The faster magma cools, the ________________ the size of crystals
smaller
400
What are the two main types of weathering?
Mechanical - water, plants, glaciers
Chemical - when minerals in rock chemically react with molecules in water or air that changes their composition (makes a brand new substance)
400
What is a moraine?
A ridge that is formed by a till (rock and soil deposit from glaciers). Scientists can tell where the glacier formed by the type of rock and soil deposits in the moraine.
400
What is the difference between an intrusive igneous rock and an extrusive igneous rock?
Intrusive - formed deep within the Earth (in= inside)
Extrusive - formed from lava at the Earth's surface (ex=out)
400
A shoreline that has many sea cliffs and terraces may indicate that the sea level has:
a. dropped
b. risen
c. remained the same
d. reversed direction
a. dropped (drop in sea level exposes new areas to wave erosion, forming cliffs and terraces).
500
All rocks and sediments can go through what three processes?
1. Weathering and erosion
2. Heat pressure and chemical changes
3. Melting
500
The process by which sediments are laid down in a new location is called what?
Deposition (think "deposit").
500
Name three of the five causes of erosion.
gravity, wind, running water, glaciers, waves
500
Explain the difference between regional metamorphism and contact metamorphism.
Regional - over large areas of Earth's crust - often when plates crash together
Contact - occurs at or around intrusive igneous rocks - covers smaller area
500
When air molecules react with minerals in a rock and break it down to create a new substance, which process has occurred?
a. erosion
b. mechanical weathering
c. chemical weathering
d. deposition