Sedimentary Rock
Metamorphic Rock
Igneous Rock
Earth's Layers
Tectonic Plate Boundaries
Weathering & Erosion
100
This process is when dead plants and animals turn into glue, that glues layers of rock together
cementation
100
The two processes that have to occur to turn a rock into metamorphic are...
heat and pressure
100
magma is molten rock found...
inside the earth
100
What is the layer at the center of the Earth?
inner core
100
What kind of plate boundary is this? How do you know?
Transform, b/c the plates are sliding in opposite directions + there is a fault
100
Canyons and valleys are formed from this type of weathering and erosion.
Floods and rivers
200
Structures of sedimentary rock are:
flat layers, fossils
200
Where does the heat come from to bake a metamorphic rock?
Heat comes from magma that comes up from the mantle
200
lava is molten rock found..
outside the earth
200
This is the Earth's only molten (liquid) layer
Outer Core
200
What plate boundary is this? How do you know?
Divergent, plates separating to form a rift valley or mid-ocean ridge
200
This type of weathering and erosion leaves long straight cracks in rocks
ice wedging
300
Materials that make up sedimentary rock (name two)
fossils, sand, broken rock, gravel, dull colors, clay, dirt = sediment
300
Where does the pressure come from to form metamorphic rocks?
the movement of tectonic plates at a plate boundary/weakness in the crust
300
Materials in an intrusive igneous rock are:
crystals, minerals, bright colors, clumps
300
This the layer between the crust and the outer core
mantle
300
What type of plate boundary is this? How do you know?
convergent (ocean-continental tectonic plates), trench, mountain chain, volcanoes
The ocean plate is subducting under the thick continental plate because it is dense.
300
How do floods and rivers erode rock?
large amounts of water will erode the river banks and carry sediment as it carves out a path in the rock
400
Why are fossils found in sedimentary rocks?
When the flesh of ancient plants and animal remains glue rock layers together, their bones and fossils can remain buried between the layers of sediment
400
What are the structures of a metamorphic rock?
thick bands of minerals, wavy layers
400
Why are igneous rocks formed next to volcanoes?
...because they are made from cooled magma or lava that originates in a volcano's magma chamber
400
All magma on the crust originates from this layer
mantle
400
What kind of plate boundary is this? How do you know?
convergent (continental-continental plate), the creation of a tall mountain range due to uplift
400
What does it mean to erode?
Erode = break down and wear away
500
Sedimentary rock, when broken down through erosion, turns into this
sediment
500
All skyscrapers in Manhattan are located in Midtown and downtown. Why?
The rock close to the surface is strong metamorphic bedrock
500
A key structural indication of an extrusive igneous rock are holes. How are the holes formed?
When lava cools on Earth's surface it interacts with the atmosphere and creates air bubbles that leave rock with round holes
500
These layers make up the tectonic plates
Crust and upper mantle
500
The volcanoes in this image were created by what kind of tectonic plate movements?
divergent plates (ocean-ocean) = shield volcano
convergent plates (ocean-continental) = composite volcano
500
How do the cracks in rocks form from ice wedging?
when water freezes it expands and takes up more space so it pushes the rock apart leaving long vertical cracks