🪨 Rocks & Minerals
This soft mineral is used in pencils.
graphite
Hot melted rock beneath Earth’s surface is called this.
magma
This is the name of the layer we live on.
crust
This red gemstone shares its name with a fruit.
ruby
Preserved remains of ancient plants or animals are called these.
fossils
This rock forms from cooled lava or magma.
igneous rock
This famous volcano destroyed Pompeii in A.D. 79.
Mount Vesuvius
Earth is divided into large moving pieces called these.
tectonic plates
Diamonds are made mostly of this element.
carbon
Scientists who study fossils are called this.
paleontologists
This mineral ranks 10 on the Mohs hardness scale.
diamond
Lava flowing from a volcano eventually cools into this type of rock.
igneous rock
The shaking caused by movement of Earth’s crust is called this.
an earthquake
Emeralds are usually this color.
green
Older rock layers are usually found in this position compared to younger layers.
below them
This sedimentary rock is formed mainly from sand.
The opening at the top of a volcano is called this.
crater
This scientist developed the theory of continental drift.
Alfred Wegener
This blue gemstone shares its name with September’s birthstone.
Fossils are most commonly found in this type of rock.
sedimentary rock
Heat and pressure can change rock into this type.
metamorphic rock
A volcano that is not currently active but may erupt again is called this.
dormant
The supercontinent that existed millions of years ago had this name.
Pangaea
This gemstone is formed inside oysters.
pearl
The study of Earth’s rocks, layers, and history is called this.
geology