Rocks and the Rock Cycle
What are the three major types of rocks?
Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
How are igneous rocks formed?
magma cools and hardens
What type of rock are the most fossils found in?
sedimentary rocks
What type of metamorphism produces the most metamorphic rock?
regional metamorphism
Igneous means...
born of fire.
Forces such as _______ and _______ break down all types of rock into small fragments.
wind, water
Molten material that cools and hardens underground to form igneous rocks
magma
What is the name for how sedimentary rocks are formed?
lithification
The general name of the existing rock that gets changed into metamorphic.
sedimentary rock
An organic rock commonly used for fuel
coal
What is a series of processes in which rock changes from one type to another and back again?
the rock cycle
A. What is an intrusion?
B. What is an extrusion?
a. underground mass of rock
b. above ground mass of rock
What are the three kinds of lithification?
compaction, cementation, and crystalization
What is the difference between contact and regional metamorphism?
Contact: only rocks near or actually touching the hot magma are metamorphosed by its heat
Regional: the movement of one tectonic plate against another creates tremendous heat and pressure
What is the difference between erosion and weathering?
Erosion is the movement of sediments. Weathering is the change in the physical form of a rock.
Which types of rocks can change into different types?
all of them
or
igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary
What igneous rock has no crystalline structure and thus has a glassy texture?
obsidian
What are three types of sedimentary rock?
clastic, chemical, and organic
What is the difference between foliated and nonfoliated rocks?
Foliated: have parallel bands of minerals
Nonfoliated: don't have bands of minerals
Which rock type is characterized by having foliation or no foliation?
metamorphic
What has to happen to shale to turn into slate?
metamorphism
A. Properties of a felsic igneous rock
B. Properties of a mafic igneous rock
C. Properties of an intermediate igneous rock
a. light in color, low in density
b. dark in color higher in density
c. medium color, medium density
What percentage of the earth's surface is made up of sedimentary rock?
75%
What factors have to present in order for a rock to be considered metamorphic?
They have to be formed by heat and pressure.
coquina