Sedimentary Rocks
Name two common characteristics of sedimentary rocks.
Strata & Fossils
Characteristic parallel layers of flat elongated minerals often found in metamorphic rocks.
Foliation
Compare and contrast lava and magma.
Both are types of molten rock. However, lava is at the surface and magma is molten rock underground.
What do we call the series of processes that change one type of rock into another type of rock?
Rock Cycle
How can you tell the difference between felsic and mafic rocks?
Felsic rocks are lighter in color because they contain the minerals feldspar and silica
Mafic rocks are usually darker in color because they contain magnesium and iron
Name the three types of sedimentary rocks.
Clastic, Chemical, and Organic
Name four metamorphic rocks.
E.g. gneiss, schist, marble, slate, phyllite, quartzite etc.
Explain the main difference between intrusive rocks and extrusive rocks.
Intrusive rocks form underground from cooling magma.
Extrusive rocks form on the surface from cooling lava.
What process brings rocks that form deep under the ground (intrusive igneous and metamorphic) to the surface.
Uplift
What are the three types of rock?
Igneous, Metamorphic, and Sedimentary
What does WEDCC stand for?
Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Compaction, and Cementation
DAILY DOUBLE!!!
Name one of the two words that can be used to describe the rock that was turned into a metamorphic rock.
e.g sandstone becomes quartzite (What do we call sandstone?)
Protolith or Parent Rock
Describe the crystal size and grain of intrusive and extrusive rocks.
Intrusive rocks have a coarse grain and larger crystals.
Extrusive rocks have a fine grain and smaller crystals.
Name the processes involved in turning igneous rocks into sediment.
weathering and erosion
How are rocks classified into the three major groups of rocks?
How they form.
Sedimentary - compaction/cementation
Igneous - cooling molten material
Metamorphic - one type changing into another
Compare and contrast the textures of breccia and conglomerate. Bonus = What clue do the shapes of the clasts indicate? 100 points
Breccia = angular/jagged clasts
Conglomerate = smooth rounded clasts
Bonus = Indicate that the conglomerate probably formed near water.
What are the two forces that cause metamorphic rocks to form?
heat and pressure
Name four igneous rocks.
E.g. basalt, granite, pumice, diorite, obsidian, rhyolite, andesite, gabbro,
What processes would be able to turn sandstone into quartzite?
Heat and Pressure
What condition produces the distinct layers of flat and elongated minerals in foliated metamorphic rock?
high pressure
Name four sedimentary rocks.
E.g. conglomerate, breccia, coal, limestone, rock gypsum, rock salt, chert, sandstone etc.
Explain the difference between regional metamorphism and contact metamorphism.
Regional- occurs over a much larger area when extreme pressure changes rocks. e.g. convergent plate boundaries
Contact- usually occurs in a much smaller area where magma comes in contact with existing rock. e.g. magma intrusions in sedimentary rock
Often times gases are released when lava comes to the surface. This causes air bubbles to get trapped in the rocks as they cool, which forms hole in the rocks. What do we call the holes in extrusive igneous rocks like pumice and scoria?
Vesicles
What process turns magma into igneous rock?
Why doesn't volcanic glass have crystals?
It cooled too quickly for crystals to form.