Igneous
This material is molten rock UNDERNEATH Earth's crust
Magma
Sediment
What are the two AGENTS OF METAMORPHISM
Heat and Pressure
What is the Rock Cycle?
Describes the processes by which the three main types of rock (igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary) change from one type into another.
This extrusive igneous rock texture often forms when lava meets water.
Glassy
This type of Extrusive texture is known for it's air pockets created by gases that were trapped by lava as it cooled
Vesicular
This type of sedimentary rock is formed by the remains of plants and animals that were compressed overtime.
Organic Rock
What is required to make Metamorphic rock?
A rock to start with (add immense heat and pressure)
How can a Sedimentary rock become a metamorphic rock?
Extreme Heat and Pressure
This type of igneous texture has fine grains and crystals that are not easily visible to the naked eye.
Aphanitic (extrusive)
This Extrusive rock texture is known for its resemblance to a chocolate chunk cookie due to varying cooling rates.
Porphyritic
This type of Sedimentary rock is composed of small fragments of other rocks that have been compacted over time.
Clastic Rocks
This type of metamorphism happens when rock nearby a magma chamber is heated and recrystallizes without entirely melting
Contact Metamorphism
How can a metamorphic rock become an igneous rock? List all steps.
By melting the metamorphic rock into magma/lava, then cooling it down.
Give an example of where you'd likely find a metamorphic rock in nature.
Inside a mountain or near a magma intrusion. Somewhere with extreme pressure or extreme heat.
This classification of Igneous composition results in a light colored rock and is often due to high concentrations of aluminum
Felsic
This type of sedimentary rock forms when minerals crystalize as water evaporates.
Chemical Rocks
This type of metamorphism results from immense pressure being applied to rock over a large area such as converging tectonic plate boundaries.
Regional Metamorphism
How can an igneous rock become a sedimentary rock? List all steps.
By Erosion creating sediments, then deposition, compaction, and cementation.
How does heat act as an agent of metamorphism?
Heat causes chemical bonds to break and allows for a new crystal structure to form.
What is the relationship between crystal size and cooling rate?
Crystal size is primarily influence by cooling rate. Slower cooling rates result in larger grains/crystals (rougher surface), fast cooling rates cause smaller grains/crystals (smoother surface)
List the 4 stages of Sedimentary rock formation in order.
Erosion: Slowly breaking rocks & forming little bits of rock (sediment)
Deposition: The sediment is placed or "deposited"
Compaction: The process that presses the sediment together
Cementation: Dissolved minerals crystalize and glue the sediments together
This is a type of metamorphic rock with stripes or bands resulting from immense pressure
Foliated
Why is the rock cycle not a true "cycle," meaning a process that begins and ends in the same way.
The rock cycle can "start" and "end" at any point and all rocks and minerals are moving through it at any given moment. Some material will bounce back and forth between two rock types indefinitely, but is still part of the rock cycle without following the "cycle" all the way around.
This agent of metamorphism causes foliated/wavy layers in metamorphic rock.
Pressure