Structure of Earth's Interior
Weathering, Erosion, Deposition
Plate Tectonics
Rocks, Rock Cycles, and Formations
Earth history and Fossils
Boundaries
Other
100
What is the outermost, thinnest layer of the Earth? (Number 1)
crust
100
___________ is the breaking down of rock into smaller pieces of rock.
weathering
100
Scientists believe that the continents have moved over the earth's surface over time to their present positions. This theory is-
continental drift
100
What are the three main types of rocks?
metamorphic, sedimentary, and igneous
100
In which type of rock are fossils often found?
sedimentary rocks
100
A _________ boundary is where the earth's plates move horizontally past one another.
transforming or sliding
100
Rocks are classified by how they are_______.
formed
200
What is the middle layer of the Earth? (Number 2)
mantle
200
What four types of fragments can weathering produce?
sediment, clay, sand, and rock
200
What is formed when two plates move apart and magma from the earth fills the space between the plates?
mid-ocean ridge
200
What type of rock is formed due to pressure and heat within the earth?
metamorphic
200
Scientists use which method to determine the age of rocks that contain fossils?
carbon 14 dating
200
A _____ boundary is where the earth's plates come together.
convergent
200
The earth's outer layer is formed mostly of ______ rock.
igneous rock
300
What is the liquid layer of Earth? (Number 3)
outer core
300
What is the gradual wearing or washing away of soil and rock by glaciers, water, or wind?
erosion
300
When two plates meet at a fault, the earth's surface stretches and compress. This event causes-
an earthquake
300
What type of rock is formed when magma from a volcano cools and hardens on the earth's surface?
igneous
300
How old do scientists believe planet Earth is, approximately?
4.6 billion years
300
A _______ boundary is where the earth's plates separate.
divergent
300
Large, continent-size slabs of the earth's crust and mantle are called-
plates
400
What is the solid center of the Earth? (Number 4)
Inner Core
400
What is a solid, nonliving substance made up of elements and found within the earth?
mineral
400
The theory that Earth's crust and mantle move across the earth's surface is-
plate tectonics
400
Which type of rock is formed when smaller parts of older rocks become cemented together?
sedimentary
400
What do scientists use to get information about past life on Earth and the age of rocks?
Fossils
400
A ________ is a boundary of the earth's plates.
fault
400
What kind of energy causes movement of materials within the Earth?
thermal
500
Which two layers of the Earth are made up of rocky material?
crust and mantle
500
___________ is when weathered materials are deposited (placed) in a new location.
deposition
500
________ _______ causes the slow movement of Earth's plates.
thermal energy
500
What is the molten rock that rises and explodes from within a volcano?
magma
500
What are the preserved remains of an ancient plant or animal found in rocks?
Fossil
500
At a convergent boundary, one plate slips beneath another plate and begins to melt. This process forms a-
volcano
600
Which two elements make up the majority of the Earth's core?
iron and nickel
600
Geological features in oceans (trenches and ridges) and continents are caused by _____ movement.
plate
600
The ____ _____ is the process of one type of rock transforming into a different type of rock.
rock cycle
600
What tool do scientists use to help classify rocks?
classification key
600
At a convergent boundary, the edges of two plates can begin to buckle up and over time, form a-
mountain