Matter and Atoms
What is matter?
Anything that has mass and takes up space.
How many mineral groups are there?
6
What are the 3 different types of rock?
Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
True or false? Any rock can form from any other type of rock given specific circumstances.
true
Why is sugar not considered a mineral?
It is organic.
What are the 3 subatomic particles found in an atom?
Name 2 properties of minerals.
Options: Luster, hardness, density, streak, cleavage, fracture, color form, crystal formation
Foliated and non-foliated are categories used to describe what type of rock?
metamorphic
What has to happen to any rock that is changing into an igneous rock?
melt
What is the Mohs scale?
The scale to define how hard a mineral is.
Which particle of an atom is used to identify elements?
proton
List 3 of the 4 ways minerals form.
1. Crystallization from magma
2. Precipitation
3. Pressure and temperature
4. Hydrothermal solutions
What are the 2 types of igneous rock?
intrusive and extrusive
What are 3 ways that sediment can be eroded?
Wind, water, ice, gravity
What is the hardest mineral on the Mohs scale?
Diamond
List and explain the 3 types of chemical bonds discussed in this chapter.
Ionic bonds - When electrons are transferred from one atom to another in order to produce ions.
Covalent bonds - When electrons are shared by two or more atoms.
Metallic bonds - When electrons are shared by metallic ions.
List 4 of the 5 qualifications for a mineral.
1. Naturally occurring
2. Solid substitute
3. Crystalline structure
4. Definite chemical composition
5. Inorganic
What are the 3 types of sedimentary rocks?
Clastic, chemical, and biochemical
What are the 3 agents of metamorphism?
heat, pressure, and fluids
It is estimated that sedimentary rock makes up approximately how much of all rocks on Earth?
90-95%
Compare and contrast Carbon-13 and Carbon-14 from an atomic level. What are these?
Both atoms have 6 protons and 6 electrons, but one has 7 neutrons and the other has 8. They are isotopes of each other.
Name all 6 of the mineral groups.
Silicates, Carbonates, Oxides, Sulfates and Sulfides, Halides, and Native elements.
Compare and contrast contact and regional metamorphism and explain which one produces which of the types of metamorphic rock.
Contact metamorphism is cause by being close to magma and generally forms non-foliated metamorphic rock.
Regional metamorphism is cause by tectonic plate changes that produce high pressure and generally form foliated metamorphic rock.
Explain how new sedimentary rock is formed. (hint: there are 5 separate steps)
1. Weathering
2. Erosion
3. Deposition
4. Compaction (Could combine the last two into one using "lithification")
5. Cementation (Could combine the last two into one using "lithification")
Identify the following rocks and mineral.
Salt, Marble, Sandstone, Granite, Copper
Salt - Mineral, Halide
Marble - Rock, Metamorphic
Sandstone - Rock, Sedimentary
Granite - Rock, Igneous
Copper - Mineral, Native element