Vocabulary
What is a mineral?
A natural substance that makes up rocks.
What causes a sedimentary rock to become a metamorphic rock?
Heat and/or pressure
Give two example of igneous rock.
Obsidian, pumice, granite
What is a common use for the mineral graphite?
Pencil lead
How is sedimentary rock formed?
Sediment is deposited, compacted, and cemented to form sedimentary rock.
What is a rock?
A solid material made of one or more minerals.
How would a metamorphic or sedimentary rock become an igneous rock?
Melting
Give two examples of sedimentary rock.
Sandstone, limestone, and shale.
How are rocks and minerals related?
Rocks are made of minerals.
How is igneous rock formed?
Igneous rock is formed by hardening magma.
What is the rock cycle?
The process through which the three main rock types transform from one type into another.
How would sediment become a sedimentary rock?
Sediment would have to be deposited in layers in order for a sedimentary rock to be formed.
Give two examples of metamorphic rock.
Slate, Gneiss, marble
Name three characteristics of minerals.
Naturally occurring, inorganic, solid, definite chemical composition, crystal structure.
How is metamorphic rock formed?
Metamorphic rocks are created when igneous or sedimentary rocks undergo heat or pressure.
Why is quartz considered a mineral and not a rock?
Quartz only consists of one compound and has a specific crystal structure
How does shale become slate?
Shale undergoes pressure and turns into slate.
What is the difference between an intrusive and an extrusive igneous rock?
Intrusive igneous rocks are formed from magma deep in the earth. Extrusive igneous rocks are formed on earth's surface.
What is the difference between a native mineral and a compound mineral?
Native minerals only consist of one element. Compound minerals consist of two or more elements.
A rock is found with tiny seashells in it. What does this tell you about the location of the rock?
The rock was formed near a body of water.
Describe how Moh's Hardness Scale works.
A mineral is scratched against another mineral. If the test rock is not scratched, it means it is harder than the other rock. If the test rock is scratched, it means it is softer than the other rock.
How does weathering/erosion affect the rock cycle?
Weathering and erosion break down rock into sediment. Sediment can create new rock.
Name each of the following rocks. Identify the type of each rock.
See the following slide
Name at least five different properties of minerals that can be identified/ measured. (Example: Streak)
Color, streak, luster, hardness, magnetic
List the properties of igneous, sedimentary, AND metamorphic rocks.
Igneous - Shiny, glassy, crystals, smooth or porous (has holes)
Sedimentary - Layers, particles or rock fragments present, dull
Metamorphic - Thin, flattened layers, appear "squished" or folded.