Minerals
Minerals that contain oxygen and one or more other elements (usually metals)
Oxide
Naturally occurring, inorganic, solid with an orderly crystalline structure and a definite chemical composition
Minerals
_______________ rocks are existing rocks that are changed at high temperatures and pressures.
Metamorphic rocks
Rocks are constantly changing from one form to another called the:
Rock Cycle
Type of rock that forms when lava/magma cools and hardens.
Igneous Rock
The tendency of a mineral to cleave, or break, along flat, even surfaces due to weaker bonds
Cleavage
Silicon and Oxygen combine to form a structure called the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron, this provides the basic framework of every silicon atom
Silicate
The two different characteristics that classify igneous rocks include
Texture and Composition
Which process breaks down rocks into smaller pieces or sediments?
Weathering
Coarse-grained rocks form when magma cools _______
slowly
_____________ or vitreous textures occur during some volcanic eruptions when the lava is cooled so rapidly that crystallization cannot occur.
Glassy
Is a measure of the resistance of a mineral to being scratched (hardness)
Mohs Scale
Rocks that form when magma hardens beneath Earth’s surface are called __________ _________ ________
Intrusive Igneous Rocks
_____________ begin to form when existing rocks are broken down into sediments, which consist mainly of weathered rock debris
Sedimentary Rocks
If magma/lava cools rapidly it results in large number of small crystals. Name this texture
Fine-Grain Texture
A rock with a hollow cavity containing crystals
Geode
Is the visible expression of a mineral’s internal arrangement of atoms (external shape)
Crystaline Form
When lava hardens, the rocks that form are called __________ ___________ ________
Extrusive Igneous Rocks
A naturally occurring solid of minerals, crystals, organic material, and other fragments, such as sand and dirt, that have been bound together
Rock
Movement of weathered sediment from one location to another
Erosion
Used to describe how light is reflected from the surface of a mineral
Luster
Anything that has volume (space is taken up) and mass
Matter
Name the texture of minerals that crystallize from the magma that do not form at the same rate or at the same time.
Porphyritic texture
Metamorphic rocks are classified into three types or grades:
Low-Grade, Medium-Grade, High-Grade
Sedimentary rocks are formed as the result of four major processes
Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Compaction