Earth's Interior
These convection currents lead to the production of new rock on the Earth's surface.
The processes that explain the distribution of mineral resources on Earth are volcanic gases, sediment formation from underwater, crystallization from magma, and oxidation.
What type of rock are you most likely to find near a body of water?
Sedimentary Rock
What was igneous rock prior to becoming a rock?
Magma and Lava
What is sediment?
small/solid pieces of material that come from rocks or the remains of living organisms
What is convection?
This process of convection is how matter and energy cycle through the Earth’s interior and its surface.
The processes that result in the formation of minerals are organic processes and minerals from solutions.
How do metamorphic rocks form?
They form when a rock is changed by heat or pressure or by chemical reactions
Through what type of change do sediments turn into sedimentary rock?
Deposition
What is a mineral?
a naturally occurring solid that can form by inorganic processes
Name each layer of the Earth.
The layers of Earth are the crust, mantle, and core.
What do inorganic processes mean?
They form from inorganic processes meaning they can form from materials that were not once living, they have a crystal structure, and they have a definite chemical composition.
What are the three major types of rocks?
Igneous Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
Earth’s rocks are cycled in the rock cycle by the following: weathering, melting, erosion, and the application of heat and pressure that constantly change rocks from one type to another.
What is crystallization?
the process by which atoms are arranged to form a material with a crystal structure
The roles heat and pressure in the Earth’s interior play is that heat energy transfers from the matter at a higher temperature to matter at a lower temperature, this leads to convection. This process of convection is how matter and energy cycle through the Earth’s interior and its surface.
What are the properties of minerals?
The properties of minerals are color, streak, luster, hardness, density, crystal structure, and cleavage or fracture.
How do sedimentary rocks form?
They form when small particles of rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together
What does the heat from the Earth's interior drive processes for?
The heat from the Earth’s interior drives the processes for the formation of igneous and metamorphic rocks. Weathering, erosion, transportation, and deposition form sedimentary rocks.
What is the Rock Cycle?
a series of processes on the surface and inside Earth that slowly changes rocks from one kind to another
Geologists study the Earth’s layered interior by two main types of evidence: direct evidence from rock samples and indirect evidence from seismic waves.
The characteristics of minerals are that they are naturally occurring, they are always solid and have a definite shape and volume
How do igneous rocks form?
They form on or beneath the Earth’s surface from molten material that cools and hardens.
No matter what type of rock is formed, it is formed because of the energy that flows through the Earth system.
What are seismic waves?
vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake