Rocks1
minerals
True or False
Extracting a large amount of minerals does not require a large amount of rock.
False
Where are minerals found?
the crust
What is the thinnest layer of the Earth?
The crust
True or False
Metamorphic rocks are only made from existing igneous rocks.
Scientists who study rocks are called...
geologists
What is the name of rocks made from cooled magma.
igneous
Scientists who study minerals are called...
mineralogists.
Name the FIVE layers of the Earth (in order!).
The crust
The upper mantle
The lower mantle
The outer core
The inner core
what do we call some minerals that have a very high value because of their beauty, hardness and rarity.
precious stones
Why do rocks look different on the outside than they do on the inside?
Minerals. (ex: tiny sparkles, shiny specks or coloured grooves).
To transform into metamorphic rocks, two things must happen to existing rocks. What are they?
extreme pressure and extreme heat.
True or False
Minerals look different on the outside as they do on the inside
false
Which layer of the Earth reaches approximately 1000 degrees celsius?
The upper mantle.
What do we call minerals/stones that are still valuable but less rare?
semi-precious stones
When magma is able to escape from the earth’s crust, what kind of rock is created. BE SPECIFIC!
extrusive igneous rocks
When magma is not able to escape from the earth’s crust, what type of rock is created? BE SPECIFIC!
Intrusive igneous rocks
What are 3 examples to identify the properties of minerals?
hardness, colour, texture
What layer of the Earth is magma found?
the upper mantle
Give an example of a mineral that is a 10 on the Mohs scale.
A Diamond
What part of the rock gets "moved" when extreme pressure if applied?
How did our clay and paperclip experiment show us this?
Minerals move.
The clay = rock
Paperclips = minerals.
When pressure was applied, the minerals (paperclips) changed position.
Explain how sedimentary rocks are formed.
The sediments/fragments undergo pressure over long periods of time and once they are very compact, they form sedimentary rocks.
What is the name of the scale we use to measure the harndess of a mineral?
What is the state (solid, liquid, gas) of the lower mantle?
Completely solid.
The upper mantle is divided into TWO states.
The top half is and the lower half is .
top half: solid
lower half: semi-liquid/doughy