Metamorphic Rocks
What is foliation and how does it occur?
The minerals in a metamorphic rock line up in layers due to pressure
True or false: Felsic rocks usually make up the ocean floor
What is the outermost layer of the Earth (chemically)?
Crust
True or false: A sedimentary rock can become an igneous rock.
True (by melting into magma and cooling again)
What is a protolith?
The original rock that undergoes and is changed by metamorphosis
Why do intrusive igneous rocks have large mineral grains?
They cool very slowly, giving the minerals time to grow
Describe subduction.
One plate moves beneath the other
Does crystallization occur with an increase or a decrease in temperature?
Decrease
When a body of magma or an igneous intrusion heats the surrounding rocks and metamorphoses them
What is the difference between a dike and a sill?
What is the difference between an effusive and explosive volcanic eruption?
Explosive eruptions shoot ash and lava into the atmosphere, while effusive eruptions are flows of lava on the ground
Name two methods of weathering.
Mechanical (wind/water), chemical (e.g. acid), biological (plants/animals)
Why is the leftmost side of the metamorphic facies diagram blank?
The temperature is too low for metamorphosis to occur.
Describe a vesicular texture.
Full of holes (vesicles), formed from trapped gas bubbles
Name the three types of plate boundaries.
Convergent, divergent, transform
What is lithification?
Consolidation of sediment into sedimentary rock
Which type of metamorphism has the characteristics of high temperature and high pressure?
Regional metamorphism (compression)
What is Bowen's Reaction Series?
The order in which different minerals crystallize in cooling magma
True or false: Transform boundaries generally create igneous rocks.
False, they create metamorphic (due to pressure, as it generally isn't hot enough to melt rocks)
Explain decompression melting.