Igneous Rocks
How are igneous rocks formed?
Lava or magma cooling and hardening
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
Small pieces of pre-existing rock/material coming together.
How are metamorphic rocks formed?
Intense heat and pressure
What is a renewable resource?
Something that can be replenished or used more than once.
Rocks are made of...
Minerals
Which type of igneous rock would have large crystals and coarse grains?
Intrusive igneous
Which type of sedimentary rock is made from the remains of plants or animals?
Organic
Metamorphic rocks with visible layers are called ____________, while metamorphic rocks without visible layers are called ______________.
foliated; non-foliated
What are the three fossil fuels?
Coal, oil, and natural gas.
Rocks can be classified based on two characteristics: their texture and their...
Mineral content (composition)
Intrusive igneous rocks are formed from ________, while extrusive igneous rocks are formed from ______.
magma; lava
Lithifcation is the formation of sedimentary rocks. It has two steps. What are they?
Compaction and cementation
What is regional metamorphism?
A large geological process that creates intense pressure.
Which renewable energy source uses heat from the Earth to create electricity?
Geothermal
Which type of chemical sedimentary rock is commonly found in Virginia?
Limestone
Fill in the blanks:
Mafic igneous rocks have _________ (low/high) silica content and are __________ (dark/light) in color.
low; dark
What is the difference between weathering and erosion?
Weathering is when rocks wear away and break into smaller pieces. Erosion is when those small pieces are transported.
What is contact metamorphism?
Rock comes into contact with hot magma, subjecting it to extreme heat.
Which energy source uses fission to produce heat, which in turn powers a turbine?
Is it renewable or non-renewable?
Nuclear
Non-renewable
Which metamorphic rock is commonly used for countertops, sculptures, and columns on buildings?
Marble
This igneous rock is unique because it is dark in color but has high silica content. It is black, glassy, extrusive, and is used to cut things.
What rock is it?
Obsidian
Precipitation is when minerals fall out of solution and form a _________.
___________ sedimentary rocks are formed this way.
solid; Chemical
Which of the following are an example of a metamorphic rock?
a. Granite b. Marble
c. Quartzite d. Conglomerate
b. Marble and c. Quartzite
Which renewable resource is made from the remains of plants, animals, or other natural products?
How do we get energy from this resource?
Biomass; we burn it
According to the rock cycle, ____________ rocks form from the crystallization of magma, while _______________ and ________________ rocks can form magma by melting.
Igneous; sedimentary and metamorphic