Rocks and Rock Cycle Test Review (Quinn)

Minerals and Rocks

100

#1 Compare and contrast rocks and minerals.

Both: solid, made naturally

Minerals: made of inorganic materials, definite chemical composition. 

Rocks: made of inorganic AND organic materials.

200

#2 What is the difference between organic and inorganic?

organic= having once been alive or is alive

inorganic= never have been alive

300

#3 Coal contains plant parts. Is it classified as a rock or a mineral? Why?

Rock (sedimentary) because plant materials are organic matter.

400

#5 What determines the crystal structure?

atoms in a mineral are arranged in an orderly, repeating pattern (gives the mineral is characteristics like color, smell, shape)

500

#4 How are rocks classified?

based on how they are formed

Types of Rocks

100

#7 How is an igneous rock formed?

When molten rock (magma or lava cools)

200

#9 How(speed) and where are coarse-grained igneous rocks formed?

Magma cools below Earth's surface, it cools slower allowing for larger crystals to grow.

300

#10 Coarse-grained minerals indicate what type of igneous rock?

#12 Fine-grained minerals indicate what type of igneous rock?

#10 Intrusive 

#12 Extrusive

400

#11 How (speed) and where are fine-grained igneous rocks formed?

lava cools on Earth's surface, it cools faster and DOES NOT allow for large mineral growth.

500

#14 List at least 4 kinds of materials that make up sedimentary rocks.

dirt, rocks, plants, animal remains

Rock Processes

100

#13 What processes break the rock down into sediments?

weathering and erosion

200

#15 What 2 processes turn sediment into rock?

#16 What one word encompasses both of the processes listed in question #15's answer?

#15 compaction and cementation 

#16 lithification

300

#17 How does metamorphic rock form (3 things)?

squeezing (pressure), heat or exposure to hot fluids

400

#18 Explain how metamorphism and recrystallization are involved in the formation of metamorphic rock.

Heat and pressure cause smaller crystals to combine to form larger crystals 

500

#19 What type of rock shows foliation?

Metamorphic 

The Rock Cycle

100

#21 What rocks can become metamorphic rocks?

igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic 

200

#20 Define foliation.

The layered appearance of metamorphic rocks are due to uneven pressures which cause layers to line up.

300

#23 Based on how rocks form, which rock is the most common on Earth's surface?

Sedimentary 

400

#25 Define rock cycle.

a series of processes that continually change one rock type into another

500

#27 List forces on earth's surface that can change rocks.

weathering and erosion

Misc.

100

#8 Compare AND contrast lava and magma

Both are molten rock

Lava is molten rock above Earth's surface

Magma is molten rock below the surface

200

#22 What is a parent rock?

The rock from which another rock comes from.

300

#26 What vocabulary word refers to large amounts of rock being pushed up to the surface or to higher elevations? 

uplift 

400

#6 List 4 kinds of grains that make up rocks.

minerals, smaller rocks, organic matter, fossils, glass

500

#28 When rocks are cemented together, what acts like the "glue"?

dissolved minerals when they crystallize