Sedimentary Rocks
What are the three methods of lithification?
Evaporites, cementation, and compaction
How are metamorphic rocks formed?
What is the difference between magma and lava?
Magma: In the earth
Lava: On the surface of earth
What is the rock cycle?
Describes the geological processes that form rocks.
How are rocks recycled?
Throughout the rock cycle, any type of rock can be changed into any other type of rock.
What is the difference between clastic and bioclastic rocks?
Clastic: made up of weathered remains of other rocks
Bioclastic: made up of weathered remains of fossils and shells
Do metamorphic rocks melt?
No if they melted they would be an igneous rock.
When are igneous rocks formed?
Formed when magma cools and hardens.
What type of rock is formed by weathering and erosion?
Sedimentary
What type of rock is formed by heat and pressure?
Metamorphic
What is a crystalline rock?
chemically formed from evaporation of sea (ocean) water
Can fossils go through metamorphism? Why or why not?
No, the fossils cannot withstand the heat-they will melt.
What is a vesicular rock?
Rocks with air pockets trapped in them as they cool causing holes to be formed in the rock
What are the processes that form sedimentary rocks?
Deposition, burial, compaction and cementation
In order for metamorphic rock to become igneous rock, what must happen?
It must melt and then cool.
What are the three major textures of sedimentary rocks?
Crystalline, clastic, bioclastic
What is the difference between foliated and non-foliated rocks?
Foliated – alignment of mineral crystals creating bands
Non-Foliated – mineral grains are not arranged in bands
What is the difference between felsic and mafic rocks?
Felsic: light colored rocks that are rich in elements
such as aluminum, potassium, silicon, and sodium
Mafic: dark colored rocks that are rich in calcium,
iron, and magnesium, poor in silicon
When sedimentary rocks melt, what do they become?
Magma
How do metamorphic rocks become sediments?
They go through uplifting, weathering, and erosion.
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
Weathering, erosion, and deposition
What are two differences between contact and regional metamorphism?
Regional:
Occurs over large areas
(even hundreds of miles)
Caused by intense pressure involved in plate tectonics
Crystals are squished and altered
Contact:
Occurs along the edges of magma or lava
Can occur above or beneath ground
When lava or magma comes in contact with rocks, the heat alters those rocks, but does NOT melt the rocks
What is the difference between intrusive and extrusive rocks?
Intrinsic: magma cooled slowly inside Earth’s crust
Coarse (mineral crystals are big enough to see)
VERY Coarse
Extrinsic: magma erupted out of a volcano. Lava cooled quickly on the surface.
How do igneous rocks become metamorphic rock?
They go through heat and pressure
How do igneous rocks become sedimentary rocks?
1st: Uplifting, weathering, and erosion
2nd: Deposition, burial, compaction and cementation