Rocks and the Rock Cycle
What are the three major types of rock?
Igneous rock is formed when _______ cools and hardens.
magma
When igneous rocks break apart, they are called __________.
sediment(s)
The process where heat, pressure, or chemical processes change one type of rock to another.
metamorphism
A mixture of minerals, rock fragments, volcanic glass, organic matter, and natural materials is called a _________.
rock
The molten rock material that originates under Earth's crust and forms igneous rock when it cools is called ____________.
magma
When different minerals have different melting points, it is called ___________ melting.
partial melting
The three main classes of sedimentary rocks that have their own classifications based on shape, size, and composition of the sediments that form the rocks.
clastic, organic, chemical
The two types of metamorphism that occur in Earth's crust.
contact and regional
The process that breaks down rocks into smaller pieces.
weathering
When magma breaks through the Earth's surface and flows down the volcano, it is called ___________.
lava
When magma cools, the cooling process is the reverse of partial melting, which is called __________ crystallization.
fractional crystallization.
The setting where sediment deposits is called _________ environment.
depositional
Metamorphic rocks are first classified based on two textures.
The movement of sediments from one location to another.
erosion
Chemical stability of minerals depend on the __________ of the chemical bonds between atoms in the mineral.
strength
intrusive and extrusive
The tendency for currents of air or water to separate sediments according to size.
Sorting
Foliated rocks are arranged in __________.
planes or bands
Bowen's Reaction Series
Massive rock structures commonly have evenly spaced zones of weakness called ____________.
joints
There are three families of igneous rocks that are classified based on the rock's colors.
mafic, intermediate, felsic
As sediment transports from its source to where it deposits, the particles collide to change size and shape.
Volcanism and magma movements often accompany _________ activity.
tectonic
A rock consisting mainly of carbonized plant matter, found mainly in underground deposits.
coal