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MINERALS
MINERALS
IGNEOUS
IGNEOUS
SEDIMENTARY & METAMORPHIC
100
Name 3 characteristics a mineral must posses.
1) naturally occurring 2) inorganic 3) crystalline structure 4) solid 5) specific chemical compositions
100
Mohs scale, which ranges from 1 to 10, is used to determine a mineral's ___________.
Hardness
100
Igneous rocks form from the cooling of __________ above ground or ___________ below ground.
Lava; Magma
100
True or False. Rocks often contain small amounts of water that can change the melting point of rocks
True
100
___________ and ______________ are needed for metamorphic rocks to form.
Heat and pressure
200
What two word answer could describe way light reflects off of galena?
Metallic luster
200
Name a special property a mineral could possess?
Double refraction, effervescence, magnetism, iridescence, fluorscence
200
Temperature generally increased with depth in Earth's crust. What is the term for this
Geothermal gradient
200
The two main categories of igneous rocks based on the position on or within the earths crust are ____________ and ____________.
Extrusive and Intrusive
200
What are the three types of metamorphism.
Regional, Contact, Hydrothermal
300
Which mineral group makes up approximately 96 % of the minerals in the earth's crust?
Silicates
300
What is an gem?
valuable mineral that are prized for their rarity and beauty
300
Granitic rocks are light in color and have a ____________ silica content. (High or Low)
low
300
Basaltic rocks are ___________ in color.
Dark
300
What are the 3 types of sedimentary rocks?
Clastic, chemical, biochemical
400
The ore vermiculite was mined in Libby, Montana. What technique was used to remove this mineral that was found near the earth's surface?
Open pit mining
400
We discussed 3 ways minerals can be formed, list and explain each type.
From magma that cools, supersaturated solutions, evaporation of solutions
400
Magma that cools underground cools ___________. The resulting crystal size is ____________.
slowly, large
400
Rocks that have a large well-formed crystals surrounded by finer-grained crystals have a ______________ texture.
Porphyritic
400
What are the steps in the formation of a sedimentary rock?
Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Compaction, Cementation
500
Explain the difference between cleavage and fracture.
Cleavage- splits relatively easily and evenly along 1 or more planes Fracture- break unevenly along jagged edges
500
A blue sample of topaz does not leave a streak on a porcelain plate. What useful information can you get even though you did not see a streak?
The mineral is harder than the streak plate.
500
What forms the wholes that are present in a sample of vesicular basalt?
Gas that is trapped in the lava when it cools.
500
Igneous rocks are often used in construction because ...
Strength of interlocking grains and resistant to weathering
500
What is graded bedding?
Sedimentary rock feature where particle sizes become progressively larger toward the bottom layers.