Earth Structure
What are the four layers of the Earth
Crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core
How are igenous rocks formed
Cooling and solidification of magma or lava
How are sedimentary rocks formed
Compaction and cementation of sediments
When previous rocks are exposured to intense heat and/or pressure
What is strata?
The layering of the Earth
What is the biggest layer of the Earth?
The mantle, which is about 2,900 kilometers thick
What are the two types of igneous rocks?
Intrusive and extrusive igenous rocks
Clastic, chemical (crystalline), and biogenic (biological/organic)
What are the three types of metamorphic rocks?
Contact, regional, and dynamic metamorphic rocks
A particle size
What layer of the Earth are tectonic plates found in?
The lithosphere (the Earth's outermost layer, made up of the crust and upper mantle)
Explain how large crystals form in igneous rocks
Large crystals form by the slow cooling of magma
What is foliation?
The layering of sediments within rocks, which form bands.
Explain what contact metamorphism is.
Contact metamorphism is when rocks are altered by heat, and caused by hot magma intruding rock
Give an example of a real life convection current.
In mantle of Earth, in boiling of water, heating up a liquid (eg. pot of soup on stove)
Mantle convection describes the movement of the mantle as it transfers heat from the white-hot core to the brittle lithosphere
What is the difference between mafic and felsic rocks?
Mafic rocks contain dark-coloured minerals whereas felsic rock contain light-coloured minerals
Why are fossils only found in sedimentary rocks?
What is the difference between regional and dynamic metamorphism
Regional metamorphism is when rocks are altered by both heat and pressure, whereas dynamic metamorphism is when rocks are altered only by pressure
List three examples of sedimentary
Limestone, coal, sandstone, shale, clay, breccia, conglomerate, rock salt
What type of sedimentary rock is limestone?
Limestone is a type of organic/biological sedimentary rock because it is comprised of dead shells, coral, and algal, which are living matter