Types of Rocks
What is a rock?
A non-living substance made of minerals
What are the two main types of igneous rocks?
Intrusive and Extrusive
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
Sediments get deposited at the bottom of the ocean and get compacted together. After many years, the layers become cemented together.
How are metamorphic rocks formed?
Extreme heat and pressure. It used to be another rock that changed due to heat and pressure.
How is a volcano involved in the rock cycle?
They form igneous rocks when lava/magma cools and hardens
Which type of rock has layers and crystals?
Metamorphic
How are igneous rocks formed?
Lava or magma cooling
What are 2 characteristics of sedimentary rocks?
Layers, grains, particles that have been cemented together, fossils, typically DO NOT have crystals
What are 2 characteristics of metamorphic rocks?
They are hard, crystals, and layers
What is the difference between magma and lava?
Magma is molten rock below Earth's surface and when magma erupts or flows onto Earth's surface, it is called lava
Which type of rock has fossils?
Sedimentary
What are 2 examples of intrusive rocks?
Granite, Diorite, Gabbro
What are 2 examples of sedimentary rocks?
Limestone, sandstone, conglomerate, shale, coal
What are 2 examples of metamorphic rocks?
Marble, slate, quartzite, gneiss
What is the difference between weathering and erosion?
Weathering is the process of breaking down rocks and erosion is moving the broken-down pieces to a new location
Which type of rock has layers and grains but NO crystals?
Sedimentary
What are 2 examples of Extrusive rocks?
Basalt, obsidian, pumice, scoria
How are sediments formed?
Weathering and erosion, and deposition
What types of rock did marble and slate used to be?
Marble was limestone and slate was shale
What is magma and how does it form?
Liquid rock and it is formed when existing rocks are melted by high temperatures
Which type of rock has large crystals, air pockets, but is NOT layered?
Igneous
What are 2 characteristics of Igneous rocks?
Not layered, large crystals, glass-like, air pockets
What happens to sediments during compaction and cementation?
The space between sediments reduced and they squeeze together forming solid sedimentary rocks
What is a metamorphic rock?
A rock that has been changed from its original form by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions
Can any type of rock be changed into any other type of rock? Explain.
Yes, sedimentary rocks can be converted into igneous rocks when sedimentary rocks are broken down into sediments and the sediments can be transformed into new igneous rocks by melting and cooling.